Paper · 1955 · Journal of General Microbiology

The Statistical Analysis of Plant Virus Assays: a Transformation to Include Lesion Numbers with Small Means

A. KLECZKOWSKI

7
claims
7
verbatim quotes
46
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Summary: The numbers of local lesions (x) produced by different leaves when inoculated with the same virus preparation deviate greatly from a normal distribution, and the standard errors of x’s depend on their magnitude. Before customary statistical analyses are applicable to results of infectivity assays, x’s must be suitably transformed. When mean values of x are greater than about 10, the transformation z = log10 (x + c) (where c is a constant), is satisfactory but inapplicable with smaller numbers. In some work the use of poorly infective inocula is unavoidable, and to allow statistical analysis of results in such work a new transformation z = log10½ [x + c + √(x 2 + 2cx)] is derived. This operates satisfactorily when mean numbers of x are greater than about 1·5. The results of the two transformations converge as x increases. Values of z are tabulated to make the use of the new transformations as quick as that of the other transformation.

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Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Local lesion counts across leaves inoculated with the same virus preparation deviate greatly from normality.

Taxon
leavese0
Outcome
numbers of local lesions (x)e0
Direction
deviate greatlye0

Not reportedInteractor

Verbatim

e0

“The numbers of local lesions (x) produced by different leaves when inoculated with the same virus preparation deviate greatly from a normal distribution”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–161 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Standard errors of lesion counts depend on count magnitude.

Outcome
standard errors of x’se0
Qualifier
their magnitudee0
Comparator
their magnitudee0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0

“the standard errors of x’s depend on their magnitude”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 167–219 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The customary log transformation is satisfactory when mean lesion counts exceed about 10.

Outcome
is satisfactorye0
Value
about 10e0
Qualifier
transformation z = log10 (x + c)e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“When mean values of x are greater than about 10, the transformation z = log10 (x + c) (where c is a constant), is satisfactory but inapplicable with smaller numbers.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 342–507 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The customary log transformation is inapplicable to smaller lesion count means.

Outcome
inapplicable with smaller numberse0
Value
about 10e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“When mean values of x are greater than about 10, the transformation z = log10 (x + c) (where c is a constant), is satisfactory but inapplicable with smaller numbers.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 342–507 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The new transformation works satisfactorily for mean lesion numbers above about 1·5.

Outcome
operates satisfactorilye0
Value
about 1·5e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“This operates satisfactorily when mean numbers of x are greater than about 1·5.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 698–777 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Results of the two transformations converge as lesion count increases.

Outcome
results of the two transformations convergee0
Comparator
two transformationse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“The results of the two transformations converge as x increases.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 778–841 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tabulated values of z make the new transformation as quick to use as the older one.

Outcome
as quick as that of the other transformatione0
Comparator
other transformatione0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Values of z are tabulated to make the use of the new transformations as quick as that of the other transformation.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 842–956 · show in text ↑