Abstract
Despite widespread adoption of genetically modified crops in many countries, heated controversies about their advantages and disadvantages continue. Especially for developing countries, there are concerns that genetically modified crops fail to benefit smallholder farmers and contribute to social and economic hardship. Many economic studies contradict this view, but most of them look at short-term impacts only, so that uncertainty about longer-term effects prevails. We address this shortcoming by analyzing economic impacts and impact dynamics of Bt cotton in India. Building on unique panel data collected between 2002 and 2008, and controlling for nonrandom selection bias in technology adoption, we show that Bt has caused a 24% increase in cotton yield per acre through reduced pest damage and a 50% gain in cotton profit among smallholders. These benefits are stable; there are even indications that they have increased over time. We further show that Bt cotton adoption has raised consumption expenditures, a common measure of household living standard, by 18% during the 2006-2008 period. We conclude that Bt cotton has created large and sustainable benefits, which contribute to positive economic and social development in India.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton increased cotton yield per acre by 24% through reduced pest damage.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- Bte1
- Outcome
- cotton yield per acree1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 24%e1
- Setting
- Indiae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bt has caused a 24% increase in cotton yield per acre through reduced pest damage”
e2“analyzing economic impacts and impact dynamics of Bt cotton in India”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton increased cotton profit by 50% among smallholders.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume3
- Treatment
- Bte2
- Outcome
- cotton profite3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 50%e3
- Qualifier
- among smallholderse3
- Setting
- Indiae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“a 50% gain in cotton profit among smallholders”
e2“analyzing economic impacts and impact dynamics of Bt cotton in India”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefits of Bt cotton were stable over time, with indications that they increased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“These benefits are stable; there are even indications that they have increased over time”
e2“analyzing economic impacts and impact dynamics of Bt cotton in India”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton adoption raised household consumption expenditures by 18% during 2006-2008.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- Bt cotton adoptione4
- Outcome
- consumption expenditurese4
- Direction
- raisede4
- Value
- 18%e4
- Qualifier
- 2006-2008 periode4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Bt cotton adoption has raised consumption expenditures, a common measure of household living standard, by 18% during the 2006-2008 period”
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See all 78 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.