Abstract
In North America Melampsora rusts that parasitize willows (Salix species) have never been adequately studied and mostly have been referred to a collective species, Melampsora epitea (Kunze & Schm.) Thüm, of European origin. Even taxa that are nominally distinct from M. epitea, such as M. abieti-caprearum and M. paradoxa, currently are considered to be "races" of M. epitea. Within the range of our field surveys and collections in the Pacific Northwest and the Southwest only two species of Melampsora thus were expected: M. epitea (including its races) and M. ribesii-purpureae. In this study of Melampsora on 19 species of Salix in the western United States 14 phylogenetic species, or phylotypes, were apparent from nuclear rDNA sequencing of 140 collections or isolates. Our collections of the races of M. epitea, M. abieti-caprearum and M. epitea f. sp. tsugae belonged to one phylotype, termed lineage 'N'. Assuming that M. ribesii-purpureae represents one other phylotype, 12 phylotypes still are unaccounted for by current taxonomy. Moreover Eurasian M. ribesii-purpureae was not closely related to any of the phylotypes reported here. Even more problematic was the resistance of Eurasian species of Salix, including the type host of M. epitea, S. alba, to North American Melampsora, including phylotype 'N', in both the field and in inoculation experiments. These results suggest the need for the description of many new species of Melampsora on Salix in western North America. Additional analyses presented here might guide further research in this direction.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing of 140 Melampsora collections from 19 Salix species separated 14 phylotypes in the western United States
- Interactor
- Melampsora
Melampsorae1pathogen - Outcome
- phylotypese1
- Value
- 14e1
- Setting
- the western United Statese1
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In this study of Melampsora on 19 species of Salix in the western United States 14 phylogenetic species, or phylotypes, were apparent from nuclear rDNA sequencing of 140 collections or isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Collections of M. epitea, its races and M. abieti-caprearum belonged to one phylotype, lineage N
- Interactor
- M. epitea
.jpg?width=60)
Melampsora epiteae2pathogen - Outcome
- belonged to one phylotypee2
- Setting
- western North Americat0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species”
e2“Our collections of the races of M. epitea, M. abieti-caprearum and M. epitea f. sp. tsugae belonged to one phylotype, termed lineage 'N'”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve Melampsora phylotypes remain unaccounted for by current taxonomy
- Outcome
- phylotypes still are unaccounted for by current taxonomye3
- Value
- 12e3
- Qualifier
- Assuming that M. ribesii-purpureae represents one other phylotypee3
- Setting
- western North Americat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species”
e3“Assuming that M. ribesii-purpureae represents one other phylotype, 12 phylotypes still are unaccounted for by current taxonomy”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurasian M. ribesii-purpureae is not closely related to any reported phylotype
- Interactor
- M. ribesii-purpureaeMelampsora ribesii-purpureaee4pathogen
- Outcome
- not closely related to any of the phylotypes reported heree4
- Setting
- western North Americat0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species”
e4“Moreover Eurasian M. ribesii-purpureae was not closely related to any of the phylotypes reported here”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurasian Salix species are resistant to North American Melampsora in both field and inoculation experiments
- Taxon
- Eurasian species of Salixe5
- Interactor
- North American Melampsorae5pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee5
- Setting
- in both the field and in inoculation experimentse5
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species”
e5“Even more problematic was the resistance of Eurasian species of Salix, including the type host of M. epitea, S. alba, to North American Melampsora, including phylotype 'N', in both the field and in inoculation experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend describing many new Melampsora species on Salix in western North America
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species”
e6“These results suggest the need for the description of many new species of Melampsora on Salix in western North America”