Abstract
The standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production. This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a "proactive" approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5-8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at approximately 7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment. Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach, which resulted in relatively low or negative economic returns. Harvest at 75% boll-split in the proactive spray regime of 2005 resulted in four-fold greater economic return than cotton harvested at 40% boll-split because of improved protection of large squares and the elimination of late-season sprays inherent to standard spray regime despite the cost of an extra irrigation in the 75% boll-split treatments. The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure, which exerts less impact on bolls, the predominant form of fruiting body at that time, than on squares. Proactive spraying and harvest timing are based on an important relationship between nutrition, boll weevil reproduction, and economic inputs; therefore, the tactic of combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic regardless of climate or region, or whether an eradication program is ongoing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying gave fewer boll weevil-infested squares than the standard treatment.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum L.
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- proactive sprayinge2
- Interactor
- boll weevil
Anthonomus grandise7pest - Outcome
- infested squarese1
- Direction
- fewere1
- Comparator
- standard treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production”
e1“resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment”
e2“Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach”
e7“for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying gave 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum L.Gossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- proactive sprayinge2
- Outcome
- linte1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 1.4- to 1.7-folde1
- Comparator
- standard treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production”
e1“resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment”
e2“Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying was significantly more profitable than the standard approach.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum L.Gossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- proactive sprayinge2
- Outcome
- profitablee2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- standard approache2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production”
e2“Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach”
Claim · model-written summary
The standard approach gave relatively low or negative economic returns.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum L.Gossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- standard approache3
- Outcome
- economic returnse3
- Qualifier
- relatively low or negativee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lint production”
e3“the standard approach, which resulted in relatively low or negative economic returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest at 75% boll-split gave four-fold greater economic return than harvest at 40% boll-split.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- Harvest at 75% boll-splite4
- Outcome
- economic returne4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- four-folde4
- Comparator
- cotton harvested at 40% boll-splite4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Harvest at 75% boll-split in the proactive spray regime of 2005 resulted in four-fold greater economic return than cotton harvested at 40% boll-split”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure in cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 40% harvest triggere5
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandise5pest
- Outcome
- late-season boll weevil pressuree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Harvest”
e5“The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining proactive spraying with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- boll weevilsAnthonomus grandise6pest
- Outcome
- combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-splite6
- Qualifier
- regardless of climate or regione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Harvest”
e6“the tactic of combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic regardless of climate or region”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
252 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
279 papers more in this group
See all 283 papers →application · Anthonomus grandis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.