Abstract
LeClair, E., Conner, R., Robinson, D. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 913–921. Anthracnose [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lams. – Scrib.] is a serious pathogen of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Disease transmission on artificial materials and clothing has been observed in other crops, where equipment and workers transmit pathogens from infected to clean plants. Initial studies in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON, determined that anthracnose transmission in dry bean as measured by resultant disease severity occurred with denim, leather, metal, and rubber using a 10 7 spores mL −1 prepared artificial spore inoculum in both wet and dry crop canopies. In 2012 and 2013 at Morden, MB, and Ridgetown, ON, the studies were expanded by adding a 10 5 spores mL −1 prepared artificial and a natural inoculum source. Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources. Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher infection rate. Canopy moisture impacted the natural inoculum the most. The 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by natural incidence and 10 5 spores mL −1 inoculum in wet conditions. In dry conditions 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by 10 5 spores mL −1 inoculum and natural incidence. Producers need to recognize that there is real risk for the anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean, and take appropriate precautions to prevent it.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Anthracnose transmission in dry bean occurred with denim, leather, metal and rubber.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- denim, leather, metal, and rubbere1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Colletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- occurrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“anthracnose transmission in dry bean as measured by resultant disease severity occurred with denim, leather, metal, and rubber using a 10 7 spores mL −1 prepared artificial spore inoculum in both wet and dry crop canopies”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on anthracnose disease severity in dry bean.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- Inoculum source and canopy moisturee2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- greatest effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences in disease severity were observed between contact materials within an inoculum source.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- materialse2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- no differences were observede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher anthracnose infection rate in dry bean.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- wet canopy conditionse3
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection ratee3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher infection rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy moisture affected the natural inoculum the most.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- Canopy moisturee4
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- impacted the natural inoculume4
- Direction
- the moste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“Canopy moisture impacted the natural inoculum the most”
Claim · model-written summary
In wet canopies, the 10 7 spores/mL inoculum transmitted the most anthracnose, followed by natural incidence.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculume5
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- transmitted the most diseasee5
- Direction
- the moste5
- Qualifier
- in wet conditionse5
- Comparator
- natural incidencee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“The 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by natural incidence and 10 5 spores mL −1 inoculum in wet conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
In dry canopies, the 10 7 spores/mL inoculum transmitted the most anthracnose, followed by the 10 5 spores/mL inoculum.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculume6
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- transmitted the most diseasee6
- Direction
- the moste6
- Qualifier
- In dry conditionse6
- Comparator
- natural incidencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e6“In dry conditions 10 7 spores mL −1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by 10 5 spores mL −1 inoculum and natural incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should take appropriate precautions to prevent anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- appropriate precautions to prevente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Producers need to recognize that there is real risk for the anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean, and take appropriate precautions to prevent it”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Colletotrichum lindemuthianum · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.