Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas with implication for climate change. Agriculture accounts for 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, but 75% of the country's N 2 O emissions. In the absence of PRE herbicides, weeds compete with soybean for available soil moisture and inorganic N, and may reduce N 2 O emissions relative to a weed-free environment. However, after weeds are killed with a POST herbicide, the dead weed residues may stimulate N 2 O emissions by increasing soil moisture and supplying carbon and nitrogen to microbial denitrifiers. Wider soybean rows often have more weed biomass, and as a result, row width may further impact how weeds influence N 2 O emissions. To determine this relationship, field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Arlington, WI. A two-by-two factorial treatment structure of weed management (PRE + POST vs. POST-only) and row width (38 or 76 cm) was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. N 2 O fluxes were measured from static gas sampling chambers at least weekly starting 2 wk after planting until mid-September, and were compared for the periods before and after weed termination using a repeated measures analysis. N 2 O fluxes were not influenced by the weed by width interaction or width before termination, after termination, or for the full duration of the study at P ≤ 0.05. Interestingly, we observed that POST-only treatments had lower fluxes on the sampling day immediately prior to POST application (P = 0.0002), but this was the only incidence where weed influenced N 2 O fluxes, and overall, average fluxes from PRE + POST and POST-only treatments were not different for any period of the study. Soybean yield was not influenced by width (P = 0.6018) or weed by width (P = 0.5825), but yield was 650 kg ha −1 higher in the PRE + POST than POST-only treatments (P = 0.0007). These results indicate that herbicide management strategy does not influence N 2 O emissions from soybean, and the use of a PRE herbicide prevents soybean yield loss.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
N2O fluxes were not influenced by the weed by width interaction or by width in soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- weed by width interactione0
- Outcome
- N 2 O fluxese0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N 2 O fluxes were not influenced by the weed by width interaction or width before termination, after termination, or for the full duration of the study at P ≤ 0.05”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
POST-only treatments had lower N2O fluxes on the sampling day immediately before POST application.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- POST-onlye1
- Outcome
- fluxese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- on the sampling day immediately prior to POST applicatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Interestingly, we observed that POST-only treatments had lower fluxes on the sampling day immediately prior to POST application (P = 0.0002)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Average N2O fluxes from PRE + POST and POST-only soybean treatments were not different for any period.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PRE + POSTe2
- Outcome
- average fluxese2
- Direction
- not differente2
- Comparator
- POST-onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“overall, average fluxes from PRE + POST and POST-only treatments were not different for any period of the study”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 650 kg/ha higher with PRE + POST than with POST-only weed management.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PRE + POSTe3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 650 kg ha −1e3
- Comparator
- POST-onlye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“yield was 650 kg ha −1 higher in the PRE + POST than POST-only treatments (P = 0.0007)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was not influenced by row width.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- widthe4
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde4
- Direction
- not influencede4
- Qualifier
- P = 0.6018e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean yield was not influenced by width (P = 0.6018) or weed by width (P = 0.5825)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was not influenced by the weed by width interaction.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- weed by widthe4
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde4
- Direction
- not influencede4
- Qualifier
- P = 0.5825e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean yield was not influenced by width (P = 0.6018) or weed by width (P = 0.5825)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Using a PRE herbicide is recommended because it prevents soybean yield loss.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- soybean yield losse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the use of a PRE herbicide prevents soybean yield loss”
t0“Soybean”