Abstract
Alisma plantago-aquatica is considered as one of the most important weeds in paddy fields. In this research Curvularia lunata was isolated from Alisma plantago-aquatica and was evaluated as its biological control agent. Here, three indigenous rice cultivars (landraces) such as Hashemi, Ali Kazemi and Binam and two modified cultivars, i.e. Sepidroud and Khazar, were used at a complete random design (CRD) with 3 replications in greenhouse. Plants at the 3-4-leaf stage were inoculated with 10 6 conidia per ml to run-off with 1% Tween-20. Results indicated that the disease rating of Curvularia lunata in Hashemi and Ali Kazemi was more than of other cultivars, while Sepidroud and Khazar cultivars, though affected, were more tolerant. Furthermore, by studying traits such as dry weight, fresh weight and height, it was found that in reaction to the fungus, the height of indigenous rice cultivars did not have any significant decrease; however, dry and fresh weights of Sepidroud and Khazar cultivars showed a significant decrease. Also the height of Alisma plantago-aquatica in reaction to inoculation with the fungus did not show such a significant decrease and the same results were found for the dry and fresh weight of the said weed after inoculation with the above-mentioned fungus. Nevertheless, the disease rating index of this weed was significant compared with that of rice cultivars. Therefore, Curvularia lunata can be recommended as a mycoherbicide for controlling Alisma plantago-aquatica.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hashemi and Ali Kazemi had greater disease ratings than other rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice cultivars
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Hashemi and Ali Kazemie0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunata
Curvularia lunatae0pathogen - Outcome
- disease rating of Curvularia lunatae0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice cultivars”
e0“disease rating of Curvularia lunata in Hashemi and Ali Kazemi was more than of other cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Sepidroud and Khazar were more tolerant despite being affected.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sepidroud and Khazare0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice cultivars”
e0“Sepidroud and Khazar cultivars, though affected, were more tolerant”
e1“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation did not significantly decrease indigenous rice cultivar height.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the funguse0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- did not have any significant decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice cultivars”
e0“in reaction to the fungus, the height of indigenous rice cultivars did not have any significant decrease”
e1“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation significantly decreased dry and fresh weight in Sepidroud and Khazar.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativat0
- Material
- Sepidroud and Khazare0
- Treatment
- the funguse1
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae2pathogen
- Outcome
- dry and fresh weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice cultivars”
e0“dry and fresh weights of Sepidroud and Khazar cultivars showed a significant decrease”
e1“in reaction to the fungus”
e2“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly decrease Alisma height.
- Taxon
- Alisma plantago-aquatica
Alisma plantago-aquaticae0 - Treatment
- inoculation with the funguse0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- did not show such a significant decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“height of Alisma plantago-aquatica in reaction to inoculation with the fungus did not show such a significant decrease”
e1“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly decrease Alisma dry and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Alisma plantago-aquaticaAlisma plantago-aquaticae1
- Treatment
- inoculation with the above-mentioned funguse0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae2pathogen
- Outcome
- dry and fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same results were found for the dry and fresh weight of the said weed after inoculation with the above-mentioned fungus”
e1“height of Alisma plantago-aquatica”
e2“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Alisma disease rating index differed significantly from rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- Alisma plantago-aquaticaAlisma plantago-aquaticat0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease rating indexe0
- Comparator
- rice cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alisma plantago-aquatica”
e0“disease rating index of this weed was significant compared with that of rice cultivars”
e1“Curvularia lunata was isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend Curvularia lunata as a mycoherbicide against Alisma.
- Taxon
- Alisma plantago-aquaticaAlisma plantago-aquaticae0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunataCurvularia lunatae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- controlling Alisma plantago-aquaticae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Curvularia lunata can be recommended as a mycoherbicide for controlling Alisma plantago-aquatica”