Abstract
Research studies were conducted for the determination of residual persistence and effectiveness of different chemical pesticides belonging from the parathyroid, organophosphate and carbamate groups against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra. The pesticides tested were Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion and Carbofuran, whereas an untreated plot was served as control. The pest population was observed before and 1, 2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 days after the treatments. The crop was sprayed four times during the experiment for determining the efficacy of pesticides. Residual persistence studies were conducted on 1, 7 and 30 days of pesticides spray. The efficacy results showed that carbofuran was the most effective for controlling the spotted bollworm with maximum pest reduction of 23.86% on first day and 85.40% on sixth day of application. After that it started losing its potential and remained 64.3% on seventh day of treatment. Cypermethrin efficacy followed the carbofuran with 11.96% reduction on first day, 59.44% on fourth day and 50.25% reduction in pest population on seventh day. Chlorpyrifos provided 10.44% reduction on first day, 55.48% on fourth day and 47.33% on seventh day after the treatment. Malathion was found ineffective for reducing the pest population but it was found better as compared to the untreated control plot. Same trend of pest population for all the pesticides was observed during the second, third and fourth spray. Residual studies showed that Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment, which reduced to 0.091µg/kg, 0.074 µg/kg, 0.25 µg/kg and 3.24 µg/kg, respectively after one week. The residual persistence of the tested pesticides after one month was observed 0.047µg/kg, 0.008µg/kg, 0.0155µg/kg and 0.19µg/kg respectively. The study concluded that the carbofuran is most effective for controlling the spotted bollworm population feeding on okra with minimum residual persistence.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran gave a maximum pest reduction of 23.86% on the first day after spraying.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- pest reductione1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 23.86%e1
- Qualifier
- on first daye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“The efficacy results showed that carbofuran was the most effective for controlling the spotted bollworm with maximum pest reduction of 23.86% on first day and 85.40% on sixth day of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran gave a maximum pest reduction of 85.40% on the sixth day after spraying.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- pest reductione1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 85.40%e1
- Qualifier
- on sixth daye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“The efficacy results showed that carbofuran was the most effective for controlling the spotted bollworm with maximum pest reduction of 23.86% on first day and 85.40% on sixth day of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran efficacy remained 64.3% on the seventh day of treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- pest reductione1
- Direction
- remainede2
- Value
- 64.3%e2
- Qualifier
- on seventh day of treatmente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“The efficacy results showed that carbofuran was the most effective for controlling the spotted bollworm with maximum pest reduction of 23.86% on first day and 85.40% on sixth day of application”
e2“remained 64.3% on seventh day of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin gave a 59.44% pest reduction on the fourth day.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine3
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- efficacye3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 59.44%e3
- Qualifier
- on fourth daye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e3“Cypermethrin efficacy followed the carbofuran with 11.96% reduction on first day, 59.44% on fourth day and 50.25% reduction in pest population on seventh day”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin gave a 50.25% pest reduction on the seventh day.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine3
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- reduction in pest populatione3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 50.25%e3
- Qualifier
- on seventh daye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e3“Cypermethrin efficacy followed the carbofuran with 11.96% reduction on first day, 59.44% on fourth day and 50.25% reduction in pest population on seventh day”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos gave a 55.48% pest reduction on the fourth day.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Chlorpyrifose4
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- reductione4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 55.48%e4
- Qualifier
- on fourth daye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e4“Chlorpyrifos provided 10.44% reduction on first day, 55.48% on fourth day and 47.33% on seventh day after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos gave a 47.33% pest reduction on the seventh day.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Chlorpyrifose4
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- reductione4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 47.33%e4
- Qualifier
- on seventh day after the treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e4“Chlorpyrifos provided 10.44% reduction on first day, 55.48% on fourth day and 47.33% on seventh day after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion was ineffective against the pest population but better than the untreated control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Malathione5
- Interactor
- spotted bollworme0pest
- Outcome
- reducing the pest populatione5
- Direction
- bettere5
- Comparator
- untreated control plote5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e5“Malathion was found ineffective for reducing the pest population but it was found better as compared to the untreated control plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran residue was 0.142 µg/kg one day after treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Carbofurane6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 0.142µg/kge6
- Qualifier
- one day after treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos residue was 0.24 µg/kg one day after treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- chloropyrifose6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 0.24 µg/kge6
- Qualifier
- one day after treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin residue was 1.79 µg/kg one day after treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- cypermethrine6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 1.79µg/kge6
- Qualifier
- one day after treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion residue was 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- malathione6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 7.49 µg/kge6
- Qualifier
- one day after treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran residue fell to 0.091 µg/kg after one week.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Carbofurane6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 0.091µg/kge7
- Qualifier
- after one weeke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e7“which reduced to 0.091µg/kg, 0.074 µg/kg, 0.25 µg/kg and 3.24 µg/kg, respectively after one week”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos residue fell to 0.074 µg/kg after one week.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- chloropyrifose6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 0.074 µg/kge7
- Qualifier
- after one weeke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e7“which reduced to 0.091µg/kg, 0.074 µg/kg, 0.25 µg/kg and 3.24 µg/kg, respectively after one week”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin residue fell to 0.25 µg/kg after one week.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- cypermethrine6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 0.25 µg/kge7
- Qualifier
- after one weeke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e7“which reduced to 0.091µg/kg, 0.074 µg/kg, 0.25 µg/kg and 3.24 µg/kg, respectively after one week”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion residue fell to 3.24 µg/kg after one week.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- malathione6
- Outcome
- residual persistencee6
- Value
- 3.24 µg/kge7
- Qualifier
- after one weeke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e6“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e7“which reduced to 0.091µg/kg, 0.074 µg/kg, 0.25 µg/kg and 3.24 µg/kg, respectively after one week”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran residue was 0.047 µg/kg after one month.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Carbofurane1
- Outcome
- residual persistencee2
- Value
- 0.047µg/kge2
- Qualifier
- after one monthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e2“The residual persistence of the tested pesticides after one month was observed 0.047µg/kg, 0.008µg/kg, 0.0155µg/kg and 0.19µg/kg respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos residue was 0.008 µg/kg after one month.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- chloropyrifose1
- Outcome
- residual persistencee2
- Value
- 0.008µg/kge2
- Qualifier
- after one monthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e2“The residual persistence of the tested pesticides after one month was observed 0.047µg/kg, 0.008µg/kg, 0.0155µg/kg and 0.19µg/kg respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin residue was 0.0155 µg/kg after one month.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- cypermethrine1
- Outcome
- residual persistencee2
- Value
- 0.0155µg/kge2
- Qualifier
- after one monthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e2“The residual persistence of the tested pesticides after one month was observed 0.047µg/kg, 0.008µg/kg, 0.0155µg/kg and 0.19µg/kg respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion residue was 0.19 µg/kg after one month.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- malathione1
- Outcome
- residual persistencee2
- Value
- 0.19µg/kge2
- Qualifier
- after one monthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the spotted bollworm feeding on okra”
e1“Carbofuran was the best with minimum residual persistence of 0.142µg/kg followed by chloropyrifos 0.24 µg/kg, cypermethrin 1.79µg/kg and malathion 7.49 µg/kg one day after treatment”
e2“The residual persistence of the tested pesticides after one month was observed 0.047µg/kg, 0.008µg/kg, 0.0155µg/kg and 0.19µg/kg respectively”
The same questions in other papers
cypermethrin · control · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
cypermethrin · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.