Abstract
Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings (`Tsakoniki') were grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST) and Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (GSS). Grafted and nongrafted eggplants were transplanted to a fumigated soil with methyl bromide and to infested soil with microsclerotia of V. dahliae . Grafted plants were more vigorous, as measured by plant height, main stem diameter, and root system weight, than the nongrafted `Tsakoniki'. This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls. The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively. This yield reduction in total production was 6.9%, 20.5%, and 56.8%, respectively. The disease incidence in ungrafted plants was 96% and 100% during early and late harvest periods. In contrast, the disease incidence in grafted plants was significantly lower, averaging 28.1% (GST) and 52.6% (GSS) in early production, and 37.6% and 79.3%, respectively, in late production. Solanum torvum was found more resistant than S. sisymbriifolium , because grafted infected plants developed mild symptoms, as indicated by significantly lower leaf symptom index (average value 1.2 and 2.22) and disease index (average value 1.55 and 3.38), respectively. In conclusion, grafting of eggplant on either wild species had positive effects on growth, production, and verticillium wilt control.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted eggplant plants were more vigorous than nongrafted plants in plant height, main stem diameter and root system weight.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongena
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Graftede1
- Outcome
- plant height, main stem diameter, and root system weighte1
- Direction
- more vigorouse1
- Comparator
- nongrafted plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“Grafted plants were more vigorous, as measured by plant height, main stem diameter, and root system weight”
e2“The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant grafted on GST had increased early production, 45.5 %, relative to noninfected controls.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe1
- Outcome
- early productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 45.5%e1
- Comparator
- noninfected controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant grafted on GSS had increased early production, 18.4 %, relative to noninfected controls.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe1
- Outcome
- early productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18.4%e1
- Comparator
- noninfected controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant grafted on GST had increased late production, 69.3 %, relative to noninfected controls.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe1
- Outcome
- late productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 69.3%e1
- Comparator
- noninfected controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant grafted on GSS had increased late production, 59.2 %, relative to noninfected controls.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe1
- Outcome
- late productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 59.2%e1
- Comparator
- noninfected controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on GST-grafted eggplant was 29.4 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe3
- Treatment
- grafted by hande1
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogen - Outcome
- yield reductione2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 29.4%e2
- Qualifier
- in early productione2
- Comparator
- controls grown in fumigated soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e2“The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively”
e3“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on GSS-grafted eggplant was 36.6 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe3
- Treatment
- grafted by hande1
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield reductione2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 36.6%e2
- Qualifier
- in early productione2
- Comparator
- controls grown in fumigated soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e2“The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively”
e3“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on nongrafted eggplant was 77.9 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- nongrafted plantse2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield reductione2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 77.9%e2
- Qualifier
- in early productione2
- Comparator
- controls grown in fumigated soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e2“The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on GST-grafted eggplant was 6.9 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe3
- Treatment
- grafted by hande1
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield reductione4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 6.9%e4
- Qualifier
- in total productione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e4“This yield reduction in total production was 6.9%, 20.5%, and 56.8%, respectively”
e3“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Total-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on GSS-grafted eggplant was 20.5 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe3
- Treatment
- grafted by hande1
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield reductione4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 20.5%e4
- Qualifier
- in total productione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e4“This yield reduction in total production was 6.9%, 20.5%, and 56.8%, respectively”
e3“This resulted in an increased early production (GST, 45.5%; GSS, 18.4%) and late production (GST, 69.3%; GSS, 59.2%) as compared to the noninfected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Total-production yield reduction caused by Verticillium dahliae on nongrafted eggplant was 56.8 %.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- nongrafted plantse2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield reductione4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 56.8%e4
- Qualifier
- in total productione4
- Comparator
- controls grown in fumigated soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e4“This yield reduction in total production was 6.9%, 20.5%, and 56.8%, respectively”
e2“The mean yield reduction (over years) in early production caused by the disease, as compared to the controls grown in fumigated soil, was 29.4%, 36.6%, and 77.9% for eggplant grafted on S. torvum , S. sisymbriifolium, and nongrafted plants, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in ungrafted eggplant was 96 % in early harvest periods.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- ungrafted plantse5
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Value
- 96%e5
- Qualifier
- during early and late harvest periodse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e5“The disease incidence in ungrafted plants was 96% and 100% during early and late harvest periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in ungrafted eggplant was 100 % in late harvest periods.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- ungrafted plantse5
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Value
- 100%e5
- Qualifier
- during early and late harvest periodse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e5“The disease incidence in ungrafted plants was 96% and 100% during early and late harvest periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in GST-grafted eggplant was 28.1 % in early production.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe6
- Treatment
- grafted plantse6
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Value
- 28.1%e6
- Qualifier
- in early productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e6“the disease incidence in grafted plants was significantly lower, averaging 28.1% (GST) and 52.6% (GSS) in early production, and 37.6% and 79.3%, respectively, in late production”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in GSS-grafted eggplant was 52.6 % in early production.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe6
- Treatment
- grafted plantse6
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Value
- 52.6%e6
- Qualifier
- in early productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e6“the disease incidence in grafted plants was significantly lower, averaging 28.1% (GST) and 52.6% (GSS) in early production, and 37.6% and 79.3%, respectively, in late production”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in GST-grafted eggplant was 37.6 % in late production.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSTe6
- Treatment
- grafted plantse6
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Value
- 37.6%e6
- Qualifier
- in late productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e6“the disease incidence in grafted plants was significantly lower, averaging 28.1% (GST) and 52.6% (GSS) in early production, and 37.6% and 79.3%, respectively, in late production”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence in GSS-grafted eggplant was 79.3 % in late production.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- GSSe6
- Treatment
- grafted plantse6
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Value
- 79.3%e6
- Qualifier
- in late productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
e6“the disease incidence in grafted plants was significantly lower, averaging 28.1% (GST) and 52.6% (GSS) in early production, and 37.6% and 79.3%, respectively, in late production”
Claim · model-written summary
Solanum torvum had a lower leaf symptom index, 1.2, than S. sisymbriifolium in Verticillium wilt.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- Solanum torvume2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf symptom indexe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 1.2e3
- Comparator
- S. sisymbriifoliume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e2“Solanum torvum was found more resistant than S. sisymbriifolium”
e3“significantly lower leaf symptom index (average value 1.2 and 2.22) and disease index (average value 1.55 and 3.38)”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
Claim · model-written summary
Solanum torvum had a lower disease index, 1.55, than S. sisymbriifolium in Verticillium wilt.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- Solanum torvume2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease indexe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 1.55e3
- Comparator
- S. sisymbriifoliume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e2“Solanum torvum was found more resistant than S. sisymbriifolium”
e3“significantly lower leaf symptom index (average value 1.2 and 2.22) and disease index (average value 1.55 and 3.38)”
e1“grafted by hand on the Verticillium dahliae Kleb. resistant wild species Solanum torvum Sw. (GST)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting eggplant on either wild species had positive effects on growth, production and Verticillium wilt control.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- graftinge1
- Outcome
- verticillium wilt controle1
- Direction
- positive effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) seedlings”
e1“grafting of eggplant on either wild species had positive effects on growth, production, and verticillium wilt control”
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