Abstract
Powders and extracts of Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Anacardium occidentale and Moringa oleifera were assessed in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 28±2 o C and relative humidity of 75±5% for their insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus mercator and Ryzopertha dominica infesting paddy rice. The powders of these plants were tested against these insects at 0.4g, 0.6g, 0.8g and 1g/50g of paddy while the extracts were tested at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% concentrations. Both the powders and extracts of these botanicals evoked a high mortality effect on the insects. Moreover, both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment. The extracts of these plants were also able to prevent the emergence of adult insects. S. oryzae and R. dominica were more affected with all the powders and extracts of these botanicals than O. mercator which was more vulnerable to the extracts and powders of Z. zanthoxyloides than other botanicals. Moreover, all the plants used showed a greater insecticidal effect and could be integrated into pest management system.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Botanical powders and extracts caused high mortality in stored-rice insects.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both the powders and extracts of these botanicals evoked a high mortality effect on the insects.”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachta indica preparations achieved complete insect mortality.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides preparations achieved complete insect mortality.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Botanical extracts prevented adult insect emergence.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The extracts of these plants were also able to prevent the emergence of adult insects.”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sitophilus oryzae and Ryzopertha dominica were more affected than Oryzaephilus mercator.
Verbatim
e0“S. oryzae and R. dominica were more affected with all the powders and extracts of these botanicals than O. mercator”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Oryzaephilus mercator was most vulnerable to Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides preparations.
Verbatim
e0“O. mercator which was more vulnerable to the extracts and powders of Z. zanthoxyloides than other botanicals”
t0“Entomocidal Activity of Powders and Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants against Sitophilus Oryzae ( L ) , Oryzaephilus Mercator ( Four ) and Ryzopertha Dominica ( Fabr. )”
e1“infesting paddy rice”
e2“both the extracts and powders of A. indica and Z. zanthoxyloides showed greater insecticidal bustle than the powders and extracts of A. occidentale and M. oleifera as they both achieved 100% insect mortality within a short period after treatment”
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See all 86 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.