Abstract
Abstract: This study examined how forest edges influenced leaf and floral herbivory, as well as seed predation, in a native New Zealand mistletoe species, Alepis flavida. Plants growing on forest edges and in forest interior were compared, and effects of plant size and the neighbouring conspecific plant community were also examined. Leaf herbivory by possums was significantly greater on forest edges than in forest interior in a year of high possum damage, but not in a year with low damage levels. Insect leaf herbivory did not differ between forest edges and interior. Although equal numbers of plants on edges v. interior experienced some floral damage by a specialist caterpillar, there were significantly higher levels of damage on plants growing in the forest interior than on forest edges. Plants with floral damage were larger than plants without damage, and distance to neighbouring mistletoe plants was positively correlated with amount of floral damage, but only for plants in the interior. Significantly greater numbers of plants on edges than in the interior exhibited seed predation by the same specialist caterpillar that caused floral damage, suggesting greater fruit abortion rates in the interior. Amounts of seed damage were inversely correlated with plant size. Forest edges had much stronger effects on leaf herbivory by possums, as well as floral herbivory and seed predation, than did plant size or the neighbouring plant community.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf herbivory by possums was significantly greater on forest edges than in the forest interior in a year of high possum damage.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavida
Alepis flavidat0 - Interactor
- possumse1herbivore
- Outcome
- Leaf herbivory by possumse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- in a year of high possum damagee1
- Comparator
- forest interiore1
- Setting
- forest edgese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e1“Leaf herbivory by possums was significantly greater on forest edges than in forest interior in a year of high possum damage, but not in a year with low damage levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf herbivory by possums did not differ between forest edges and interior in a year with low damage levels.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Interactor
- possumse1herbivore
- Outcome
- Leaf herbivory by possumse1
- Qualifier
- a year with low damage levelse2
- Comparator
- forest interiore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e1“Leaf herbivory by possums was significantly greater on forest edges than in forest interior in a year of high possum damage, but not in a year with low damage levels”
e2“but not in a year with low damage levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect leaf herbivory did not differ between forest edges and the interior.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Interactor
- Insecte3herbivore
- Outcome
- Insect leaf herbivorye3
- Direction
- did not differe3
- Setting
- forest edgese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e3“Insect leaf herbivory did not differ between forest edges and interior”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral damage by a specialist caterpillar was significantly higher in the forest interior than on forest edges.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Interactor
- specialist caterpillare2herbivore
- Outcome
- floral damagee2
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- forest edgese1
- Setting
- forest interiore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e1“there were significantly higher levels of damage on plants growing in the forest interior than on forest edges”
e2“floral damage by a specialist caterpillar”
Claim · model-written summary
Equal numbers of plants on edges and in the interior experienced some floral damage.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Interactor
- specialist caterpillare4herbivore
- Outcome
- floral damagee4
- Qualifier
- equal numbers of plants on edges v. interiore4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e4“Although equal numbers of plants on edges v. interior experienced some floral damage by a specialist caterpillar”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants with floral damage were larger than plants without damage.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Outcome
- Plants with floral damagee5
- Direction
- largere5
- Comparator
- plants without damagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e5“Plants with floral damage were larger than plants without damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Distance to neighbouring mistletoe plants was positively correlated with floral damage, but only for plants in the interior.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Outcome
- amount of floral damagee6
- Direction
- positively correlatede6
- Setting
- plants in the interiore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e6“distance to neighbouring mistletoe plants was positively correlated with amount of floral damage, but only for plants in the interior”
Claim · model-written summary
Significantly greater numbers of plants on edges than in the interior exhibited seed predation by the specialist caterpillar.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Interactor
- specialist caterpillare7herbivore
- Outcome
- seed predatione7
- Direction
- greater numberse7
- Comparator
- the interiore7
- Setting
- on edgese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e7“Significantly greater numbers of plants on edges than in the interior exhibited seed predation by the same specialist caterpillar that caused floral damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater fruit abortion rates in the interior is suggested by the seed predation pattern.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Outcome
- fruit abortion ratese7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Setting
- in the interiore7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e7“suggesting greater fruit abortion rates in the interior”
Claim · model-written summary
Amounts of seed damage were inversely correlated with plant size.
- Taxon
- Alepis flavidaAlepis flavidat0
- Organ / stage
- seede7
- Outcome
- seed damagee7
- Direction
- inversely correlatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alepis flavida”
e7“Amounts of seed damage were inversely correlated with plant size”