Abstract
Objective: The bacterial communities concomitant with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of soybean stem rot, were examined by using PCR-DGGE.Methodology and results: Fungal sclerotia were buried in soil amended with organic matter and incubated under flooded conditions for 15 or 30 days in a greenhouse and in the field. The recovered sclerotia were examined for their viability and their concomitant bacterial communities. The DGGE band patterns showed the largest bacterial diversity in samples from soil amended with rice straw or wheat bran and flooded for 30 days. In the greenhouse for instance, the diversity index from organic amendment under 30 day flooding was higher than 1.80, while for other treatments the index was less than 1.5. This trend was similar in the field experiment. There was a negative relationship between the diversity index from DGGE band patterns and sclerotial viability or disease incidence. Examination of the nucleotide sequences of the DGGE bands revealed that members of Clostridiaceae were dominant in the samples flooded for 30 days, whereas Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions.Conclusion: This is the first report of the soil bacterial flora concomitant with sclerotia of S. rolfsii under flooded conditions.Keywords: bacterial community, diversity, PCR-DGGE, Sclerotium rolfsii, sequencing, soybean
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw or wheat bran amendments under 30-day flooding produced the largest bacterial diversity.
- Taxon
- bacteriale0
- Treatment
- soil amended with rice straw or wheat bran and flooded for 30 dayse0
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The DGGE band patterns showed the largest bacterial diversity in samples from soil amended with rice straw or wheat bran and flooded for 30 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse organic amendment under 30-day flooding had diversity above 1.80, versus less than 1.5 for other treatments; the field showed a similar trend.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse for instance, the diversity index from organic amendment under 30 day flooding was higher than 1.80, while for other treatments the index was less than 1.5. This trend was similar in the field experiment.”
e1“The bacterial communities concomitant with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial diversity was negatively related to sclerotial viability and disease incidence.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- diversity index from DGGE band patternse0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie1pathogen - Outcome
- sclerotial viability or disease incidencee0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a negative relationship between the diversity index from DGGE band patterns and sclerotial viability or disease incidence.”
e1“Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of soybean stem rot”
Claim · model-written summary
Clostridiaceae dominated samples flooded for 30 days.
- Taxon
- ClostridiaceaeClostridiaceaee0
- Treatment
- flooded for 30 dayse0
- Outcome
- dominante0
Verbatim
e0“members of Clostridiaceae were dominant in the samples flooded for 30 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalobacteraceae were a major group under unflooded conditions.
- Taxon
- OxalobacteraceaeOxalobacteraceaee0
- Outcome
- major groupse0
- Qualifier
- unflooded conditionse0
Verbatim
e0“Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Nocardiaceae were a major group under unflooded conditions.
- Taxon
- NocardiaceaeNocardiaceaee0
- Outcome
- major groupse0
- Qualifier
- unflooded conditionse0
Verbatim
e0“Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycetaceae were a major group under unflooded conditions.
- Taxon
- ActinomycetaceaeActinomycetaceaee0
- Outcome
- major groupse0
- Qualifier
- unflooded conditionse0
Verbatim
e0“Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions”