Abstract
An experiment on field evaluation of some newer fungicides against leaf spot of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) caused by Alternaria carthami Chowdhury was conducted for three years from rabi 2004-05 to 2006-07 at Agricultural School Farm, All India Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds (Safflower), Solapur. Among the seven different fungicides tested against the disease, carbendazim 0.1% spray was found most effective as it recorded significantly lowest disease intensity (30.29%) and highest seed yield (955 kg/ha), oil yield (266 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (8.67) than rest of the treatments including recommended check mancozeb 0.25% spray which recorded the disease intensity of 45.19%, seed yield (821 kg/ha), oil yield (227 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (6.76). The water spray as control treatment, on the other hand, recorded the highest average disease intensity (79.75%) and lowest seed yield of 348 kg/ha. The seed samples of all the treatments except hexaconazole 0.1% and salicylic acid 100 ppm were analyzed for the presence of residues in the oil. The results indicated that the residues of all these fungicides in the safflower oil were also found below detectable limits. The in-vitro inhibition studies using poison food technique also indicated 100% inhibition of Alternaria carthami by carbendazim 0.1% followed by 80.81% inhibition with mancozeb 0.25%. The rate of disease build-up during crop growth period was correlated with the weather parameters for all the three years. The correlation studies indicated that, the rainfall, number of rainy days, minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH-I and II) had a significant positive correlation with the disease development, whereas, the maximum temperature showed significant negative correlation. The overall results indicated that for effective and economical management of Alternaria leaf spot of safflower, first spray of carbendazim 0.1% should be given immediately after disease appearance (generally at rosette stage i.e. 25 DAS), followed by need-based second and third sprays at 15 days after first spray and during flowering/seed setting stage, respectively under congenial climatic conditions (if rains received / high humidity above 80%).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim 0.1% spray gave the lowest disease intensity (30.29%) among seven fungicides, below mancozeb 0.25% (45.19%), against Alternaria leaf spot of safflower.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse3 - Treatment
- carbendazim 0.1% spraye0
- Interactor
- Alternaria carthamiAlternaria carthamie2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 30.29%e0
- Qualifier
- 45.19%e1
- Comparator
- mancozeb 0.25% spraye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim 0.1% spray was found most effective as it recorded significantly lowest disease intensity (30.29%)”
e1“recommended check mancozeb 0.25% spray which recorded the disease intensity of 45.19%, seed yield (821 kg/ha), oil yield (227 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (6.76)”
e2“Alternaria carthami”
e3“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim 0.1% spray gave the highest seed yield (955 kg/ha) of the fungicides tested, above mancozeb 0.25% (821 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse2
- Treatment
- carbendazim 0.1% spraye0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 955 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 821 kg/hae1
- Comparator
- mancozeb 0.25% spraye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim 0.1% spray was found most effective as it recorded significantly lowest disease intensity (30.29%) and highest seed yield (955 kg/ha)”
e1“recommended check mancozeb 0.25% spray which recorded the disease intensity of 45.19%, seed yield (821 kg/ha), oil yield (227 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (6.76)”
e2“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim 0.1% spray gave the highest oil yield (266 kg/ha), above mancozeb 0.25% (227 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse2
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 266 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 227 kg/hae1
- Comparator
- mancozeb 0.25% spraye1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest seed yield (955 kg/ha), oil yield (266 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (8.67)”
e1“recommended check mancozeb 0.25% spray which recorded the disease intensity of 45.19%, seed yield (821 kg/ha), oil yield (227 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (6.76)”
e2“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim 0.1% spray gave the highest IBC ratio (8.67), above mancozeb 0.25% (6.76).
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse2
- Outcome
- IBC ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.67e0
- Qualifier
- 6.76e1
- Comparator
- mancozeb 0.25% spraye1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest seed yield (955 kg/ha), oil yield (266 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (8.67)”
e1“recommended check mancozeb 0.25% spray which recorded the disease intensity of 45.19%, seed yield (821 kg/ha), oil yield (227 kg/ha) and IBC ratio (6.76)”
e2“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The water-spray control recorded the highest average disease intensity (79.75%) in safflower.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Outcome
- average disease intensitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 79.75%e0
- Qualifier
- water spray as control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water spray as control treatment, on the other hand, recorded the highest average disease intensity (79.75%) and lowest seed yield of 348 kg/ha”
e1“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The water-spray control recorded the lowest seed yield (348 kg/ha) in safflower.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 348 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- water spray as control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water spray as control treatment, on the other hand, recorded the highest average disease intensity (79.75%) and lowest seed yield of 348 kg/ha”
e1“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues of all analysed fungicides in safflower oil were below detectable limits.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- residues of all these fungicides in the safflower oile0
- Value
- below detectable limitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the residues of all these fungicides in the safflower oil were also found below detectable limits”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, carbendazim 0.1% gave 100% inhibition of Alternaria carthami (poison food technique).
- Taxon
- Alternaria carthamiAlternaria carthamie0
- Treatment
- carbendazim 0.1%e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria carthamiAlternaria carthamie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- in-vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The in-vitro inhibition studies using poison food technique also indicated 100% inhibition of Alternaria carthami by carbendazim 0.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, mancozeb 0.25% gave 80.81% inhibition of Alternaria carthami.
- Taxon
- Alternaria carthamiAlternaria carthamie1
- Treatment
- mancozeb 0.25%e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria carthamiAlternaria carthamie1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 80.81%e0
- Setting
- in-vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“followed by 80.81% inhibition with mancozeb 0.25%”
e1“The in-vitro inhibition studies using poison food technique also indicated 100% inhibition of Alternaria carthami”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall and number of rainy days had a significant positive correlation with disease development of safflower leaf spot.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- rainfall, number of rainy dayse0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rainfall, number of rainy days, minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH-I and II) had a significant positive correlation with the disease development, whereas, the maximum temperature showed significant negative correlation”
e1“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum temperature and relative humidity had a significant positive correlation with disease development of safflower leaf spot.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- minimum temperature and relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rainfall, number of rainy days, minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH-I and II) had a significant positive correlation with the disease development, whereas, the maximum temperature showed significant negative correlation”
e1“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum temperature showed a significant negative correlation with disease development of safflower leaf spot.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- maximum temperaturee0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rainfall, number of rainy days, minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH-I and II) had a significant positive correlation with the disease development, whereas, the maximum temperature showed significant negative correlation”
e1“safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
For effective and economical management of Alternaria leaf spot of safflower, the first carbendazim 0.1% spray should be given immediately after disease appearance.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- first spray of carbendazim 0.1%e0
- Outcome
- effective and economical management of Alternaria leaf spote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for effective and economical management of Alternaria leaf spot of safflower, first spray of carbendazim 0.1% should be given immediately after disease appearance”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →application · Alternaria carthami · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.