Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2002–2004 to evaluate SRI in a high rainfall area of north-western Himalayas. Effects of age of seedlings (7-12-d old i.e. SRI vs 22-28-d old i.e. conventionally transplanted rice (CTR), plant-hill spacing (15x15 and 30x30 cm) and water regime (continuous, CF vs intermittent flooding, IF) on plant height, rice yield and yield parameters (tillers, grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight), and water use efficiency (WUE) in rice (cv. RP 2421) were investigated. Younger seedlings produced plants taller than older seedlings on average by 14.1 cm. Effective tillers hill-1 increased from 10 to 25 while effective tillers m-2 decreased significantly from 413 to 277 with the increase in plant-hill spacing. The 30x30 cm spacing produced higher grains panicle-1 (79) and 1000- grain weight (21.67 g) than the 15x15 cm spacing (70 grains panicle-1 and 20.42 g 1000-grain weight). Grain yield was statistically the same under all treatments (3.24- 4.05 t ha-1), except CTR-30 with significantly lowest grain yield of 2.84 t ha-1. Numerically, SRI-15(CF) and SRI-30(CF) produced 20 and 13%, respectively, higher grain yield than CTR-15(CF) i.e. the farmers' practice. Total water use was higher by 80–634 mm in SRI than CTR. The WUE under CTR and SRI varied with the water regime; under CF, it was significantly higher with CTR-15 (1.87 kg ha-1 mm-1) than SRI-15 (1.69 kg ha-1 mm-1), and under IF, it was significantly higher at 15x15 cm (1.64–1.75 kg ha-1 mm-1) than at 30x30 cm spacing (1.48- 1.51 kg ha-1 mm-1) under both SRI and CTR. SRI at 30x30 cm spacing required 222 man-days ha-1 compared to 833 man-days ha-1 with CTR-15; SRI required 19–11% more time for transplanting than CTR irrespective of hill-spacing. Compared with CTR-15, the SRI-30 showed advantage in terms of higher rice yield (13%), lower seed rate (1/10th of CTR) and lesser time and labour requirement during transplanting (1/4th of CTR).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Younger seedlings yielded plants taller by 14.1 cm.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Younger seedlingse0
- Outcome
- plants tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 14.1 cme0
- Comparator
- older seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Younger seedlings produced plants taller than older seedlings on average by 14.1 cm.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider spacing increased effective tillers per hill from 10 to 25.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in plant-hill spacinge0
- Outcome
- Effective tillers hill-1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 to 25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective tillers hill-1 increased from 10 to 25 while effective tillers m-2 decreased significantly from 413 to 277 with the increase in plant-hill spacing.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider spacing significantly decreased effective tillers per square metre from 413 to 277.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in plant-hill spacinge0
- Outcome
- effective tillers m-2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 413 to 277e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective tillers hill-1 increased from 10 to 25 while effective tillers m-2 decreased significantly from 413 to 277 with the increase in plant-hill spacing.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-centimetre spacing gave 79 versus 70 grains per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30x30 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- grains panicle-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 79e0
- Qualifier
- 70 grains panicle-1e0
- Comparator
- 15x15 cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 30x30 cm spacing produced higher grains panicle-1 (79) and 1000- grain weight (21.67 g) than the 15x15 cm spacing (70 grains panicle-1 and 20.42 g 1000-grain weight).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-centimetre spacing gave 21.67 g versus 20.42 g thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30x30 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- 1000- grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21.67 ge0
- Qualifier
- 20.42 g 1000-grain weighte0
- Comparator
- 15x15 cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 30x30 cm spacing produced higher grains panicle-1 (79) and 1000- grain weight (21.67 g) than the 15x15 cm spacing (70 grains panicle-1 and 20.42 g 1000-grain weight).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was statistically similar across treatments except CTR-30.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- statistically the samee0
- Value
- 3.24- 4.05 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was statistically the same under all treatments (3.24- 4.05 t ha-1), except CTR-30 with significantly lowest grain yield of 2.84 t ha-1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CTR-30 had the lowest grain yield, 2.84 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CTR-30e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.84 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was statistically the same under all treatments (3.24- 4.05 t ha-1), except CTR-30 with significantly lowest grain yield of 2.84 t ha-1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI-15(CF) had 20% higher grain yield than CTR-15(CF), numerically.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI-15(CF)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20e0
- Comparator
- CTR-15(CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Numerically, SRI-15(CF) and SRI-30(CF) produced 20 and 13%, respectively, higher grain yield than CTR-15(CF) i.e. the farmers' practice.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI-30(CF) had 13% higher grain yield than CTR-15(CF), numerically.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI-30(CF)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- CTR-15(CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Numerically, SRI-15(CF) and SRI-30(CF) produced 20 and 13%, respectively, higher grain yield than CTR-15(CF) i.e. the farmers' practice.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI used 80–634 mm more water than CTR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- Total water usee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 80–634 mme0
- Comparator
- CTRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total water use was higher by 80–634 mm in SRI than CTR.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under continuous flooding CTR-15 had higher WUE than SRI-15.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CTR-15e0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.87 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.69 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Comparator
- SRI-15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under CF, it was significantly higher with CTR-15 (1.87 kg ha-1 mm-1) than SRI-15 (1.69 kg ha-1 mm-1)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under intermittent flooding WUE was higher at 15x15 than 30x30 cm for SRI and CTR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 15x15 cme0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.64–1.75 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.48- 1.51 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Comparator
- 30x30 cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under IF, it was significantly higher at 15x15 cm (1.64–1.75 kg ha-1 mm-1) than at 30x30 cm spacing (1.48- 1.51 kg ha-1 mm-1) under both SRI and CTR.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI at 30x30 cm required 222 versus 833 man-days per hectare for CTR-15.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI at 30x30 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- requirede0
- Value
- 222 man-days ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 833 man-days ha-1e0
- Comparator
- CTR-15e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI at 30x30 cm spacing required 222 man-days ha-1 compared to 833 man-days ha-1 with CTR-15”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI transplanting took 19–11% more time than CTR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- time for transplantinge0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 19–11%e0
- Comparator
- CTRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI required 19–11% more time for transplanting than CTR irrespective of hill-spacing.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI-30 used one tenth the seed rate of CTR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI-30e0
- Outcome
- seed ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1/10th of CTRe0
- Comparator
- CTR-15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CTR-15, the SRI-30 showed advantage in terms of higher rice yield (13%), lower seed rate (1/10th of CTR) and lesser time and labour requirement during transplanting (1/4th of CTR).”
t0“rice”
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