Abstract
Tomato rootstocks have been successfully used for eggplant production. However, the safety of herbicides registered in tomato has not been tested on grafted eggplant, which is a combination of tomato rootstock and eggplant scion. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine response of grafted eggplant on tomato rootstock to napropamide, metribuzin, halosulfuron, trifluralin, S -metolachlor, and fomesafen herbicides. In greenhouse experiments, herbicide treatments included pretransplant S -metolachlor (400 and 800 g ai ha −1 ), pre- or posttransplant metribuzin (140 and 280 g ai ha −1 ), and posttransplant halosulfuron (18 and 36 g ai ha −1 ). In field experiments, herbicide treatments included pretransplant fomesafen (280 and 420 g ai ha −1 ), halosulfuron (39 and 52 g ha −1 ), metribuzin (280 and 550 g ha −1 ), napropamide (1,120 and 2,240 g ai ha −1 ), S -metolachlor (800 and 1,060 g ha −1 ), and trifluralin (560 and 840 g ai ha −1 ). The eggplant cultivar ‘Santana' was used as the scion and nongrafted control, and two hybrid tomatoes ‘RST-04−106-T' and ‘Maxifort' were used as rootstocks for grafted plants. In both greenhouse and field experiments, there was no difference between grafted and nongrafted eggplant in terms of injury caused by herbicides. Metribuzin posttransplant at 140 and 280 g ha −1 caused 94 and 100% injury to grafted and nongrafted eggplant 4 wk after treatment. In field experiments, pretransplant fomesafen, napropamide, S -metolachlor, and trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant. However, metribuzin caused injury and yield reduction in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant. Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1 caused 60 and 81% plant stand loss in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Halosulfuron reduced yield 24% in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant compared to nontreated control in 2013 but did not reduce yield in 2014. The pretransplant S -metolachlor, napropamide, fomesafen, and trifluralin are safe to use on eggplant grafted onto tomato rootstock, and will be a valuable addition to the toolkit of eggplant growers.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury did not differ between grafted and nongrafted eggplant in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Outcome
- injury caused by herbicidese0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- grafted and nongrafted eggplante0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both greenhouse and field experiments, there was no difference between grafted and nongrafted eggplant in terms of injury caused by herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Posttransplant metribuzin at 140 g ha −1 caused 94% injury to eggplant at four weeks.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin posttransplant at 140 and 280 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injury to grafted and nongrafted eggplante0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 94e0
- Qualifier
- 4 wk after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin posttransplant at 140 and 280 g ha −1 caused 94 and 100% injury to grafted and nongrafted eggplant 4 wk after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Posttransplant metribuzin at 280 g ha −1 caused 100% injury to eggplant at four weeks.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin posttransplant at 140 and 280 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injury to grafted and nongrafted eggplante0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 4 wk after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin posttransplant at 140 and 280 g ha −1 caused 94 and 100% injury to grafted and nongrafted eggplant 4 wk after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretransplant fomesafen caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- pretransplant fomesafene0
- Outcome
- injury and no yield reductione0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretransplant fomesafen, napropamide, S -metolachlor, and trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretransplant napropamide caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- napropamidee0
- Outcome
- injury and no yield reductione0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretransplant fomesafen, napropamide, S -metolachlor, and trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretransplant S -metolachlor caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- injury and no yield reductione0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretransplant fomesafen, napropamide, S -metolachlor, and trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretransplant trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- injury and no yield reductione0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretransplant fomesafen, napropamide, S -metolachlor, and trifluralin caused less than 10% injury and no yield reduction in grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin injured eggplant in field experiments.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metribuzin caused injury and yield reduction in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced eggplant yield in field experiments.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metribuzin caused injury and yield reduction in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1 caused 60% plant stand loss in 2013.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- plant stand losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 60e0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1 caused 60 and 81% plant stand loss in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1 caused 81% plant stand loss in 2014.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- plant stand losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 550 g ha −1 caused 60 and 81% plant stand loss in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron reduced yield by 24% relative to untreated eggplant in 2013.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halosulfuron reduced yield 24% in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant compared to nontreated control in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron did not reduce eggplant yield in 2014.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Halosulfurone1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but did not reduce yield in 2014”
e1“Halosulfuron reduced yield 24% in both grafted and nongrafted eggplant compared to nontreated control in 2013”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider pretransplant S -metolachlor, napropamide, fomesafen, and trifluralin safe for grafted eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- safe to use on eggplant grafted onto tomato rootstocke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pretransplant S -metolachlor, napropamide, fomesafen, and trifluralin are safe to use on eggplant grafted onto tomato rootstock”
The same questions in other papers
fomesafen · crop injury · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Halosulfuron-methyl · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.