Abstract
Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants. The positive-sense single-stranded genomic RNA of SPMV encodes a 17-kDa capsid protein (CP) to form 16-nm virions. Previous studies showed that SPMV CP has multiple functions during infection including encapsidation, symptom exacerbation, inhibiting the accumulation of SPMV DIs, and facilitating systemic movement. This dissertation confirms and extends the results of our previous reports with new biological and biochemical evidence. For example, the dosage effect of SPMV CP on symptom severity supports its function as a pathogenicity factor. Biological assays also demonstrate compensatory effects of SPMV CP on virus mutants defective in systemic movement. In addition, it is shown for the first time that SPMV CP is involved in cellto- cell movement of SPMV RNA and associated with the cell wall and membranes, a signature property of plant virus movement proteins. However, SPMV CP in the cytosol exists exclusively as virions and is dispensable for symptom exacerbation. SPMV CP contains a distinctive N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM), which is required for the in vitro binding of SPMV and PMV genomic RNAs by SPMV CP. Mutations of this region impair all known functions of SPMV CP. Interestingly, manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CP resulted in the same phenotypes as alterations in the N-ARM except that this does not affect the RNA binding activity of SPMV CP. Biological experiments demonstrate that virions are not required for the properties of SPMV CP to facilitate local and systemic movement and inhibit the accumulation of SPMV DIs, suggesting that SPMV CP and RNA form alternative complexes for these purposes. This dissertation study reveals the nucleolar localization of SPMV CP and its interaction with PMV CP in the form of virions. The identification of distinct functional domains of SPMV CP and its complex subcellular localization profile resulted in the proposal of a tentative model on how the functions of SPMV CP are coordinated for a robust infection. This dissertation provides a foundation for further understanding of the complex interactions among host plants, helper viruses, and satellites.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The dosage of SPMV CP affects symptom severity, supporting its role as a pathogenicity factor.
- Taxon
- host plantse1
- Interactor
- Satellite panicum mosaic virusPanicum mosaic satellite viruse1pathogen
- Gene
- SPMV CPe2
- Outcome
- symptom severitye2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“the dosage effect of SPMV CP on symptom severity supports its function as a pathogenicity factor”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP shows compensatory effects on virus mutants defective in systemic movement in host plants.
- Taxon
- host plantse1
- Treatment
- virus mutants defective in systemic movemente2
- Interactor
- Satellite panicum mosaic virusPanicum mosaic satellite viruse1pathogen
- Gene
- SPMV CPe2
- Outcome
- systemic movemente2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“Biological assays also demonstrate compensatory effects of SPMV CP on virus mutants defective in systemic movement”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP is involved in cell-to-cell movement of SPMV RNA in host plants.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“it is shown for the first time that SPMV CP is involved in cellto- cell movement of SPMV RNA”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP is dispensable for symptom exacerbation in host plants.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“However, SPMV CP in the cytosol exists exclusively as virions and is dispensable for symptom exacerbation”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP in the cytosol exists exclusively as virions.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“However, SPMV CP in the cytosol exists exclusively as virions and is dispensable for symptom exacerbation”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-terminal arginine-rich motif of SPMV CP is required for in vitro binding of SPMV and PMV genomic RNAs.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“SPMV CP contains a distinctive N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM), which is required for the in vitro binding of SPMV and PMV genomic RNAs by SPMV CP. Mutations of this region impair all known functions of SPMV CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations of the N-ARM region impair all known functions of SPMV CP.
- Taxon
- host plantse1
- Treatment
- Mutations of this regione2
- Gene
- SPMV CPe2
- Outcome
- all known functions of SPMV CPe2
- Direction
- impaire2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“SPMV CP contains a distinctive N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM), which is required for the in vitro binding of SPMV and PMV genomic RNAs by SPMV CP. Mutations of this region impair all known functions of SPMV CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CP gives the same phenotypes as alterations in the N-ARM.
- Taxon
- host plantse1
- Treatment
- manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CPe2
- Gene
- SPMV CPe2
- Outcome
- phenotypese2
- Comparator
- alterations in the N-ARMe2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“Interestingly, manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CP resulted in the same phenotypes as alterations in the N-ARM except that this does not affect the RNA binding activity of SPMV CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CP does not affect its RNA binding activity.
- Taxon
- host plantse1
- Treatment
- manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CPe2
- Gene
- SPMV CPe2
- Outcome
- RNA binding activity of SPMV CPe2
- Direction
- does not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“Interestingly, manipulation of the C-terminus of SPMV CP resulted in the same phenotypes as alterations in the N-ARM except that this does not affect the RNA binding activity of SPMV CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Virions are not required for SPMV CP to facilitate local and systemic movement.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“Biological experiments demonstrate that virions are not required for the properties of SPMV CP to facilitate local and systemic movement and inhibit the accumulation of SPMV DIs”
Claim · model-written summary
Virions are not required for SPMV CP to inhibit the accumulation of SPMV DIs.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“Biological experiments demonstrate that virions are not required for the properties of SPMV CP to facilitate local and systemic movement and inhibit the accumulation of SPMV DIs”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP and RNA may form alternative complexes for facilitating movement and inhibiting DI accumulation.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“suggesting that SPMV CP and RNA form alternative complexes for these purposes”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP localizes to the nucleolus.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“This dissertation study reveals the nucleolar localization of SPMV CP and its interaction with PMV CP in the form of virions”
Claim · model-written summary
SPMV CP interacts with PMV CP in the form of virions.
Verbatim
e1“Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and movement in host plants”
e2“This dissertation study reveals the nucleolar localization of SPMV CP and its interaction with PMV CP in the form of virions”