Abstract
During the summer of 1992, an extensive outbreak of the croton caterpil lar, Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry, Schinus terebinthifolius, along the west coast of the island of Hawai'i.The outbreak was first reported in July 1992, and follow-up surveys disclosed pockets of infested trees from Kailua-Kona to South Point.Achaea janata populations in some areas were heavy enough that trees were totally stripped of their foliage.Populations at any one site usually remained high for only one generation.Larvae were readily detected in affected areas until the infestations subsided in December 1992.By February 1993 there were no signs of Achaea activity on Christmas berry.Achaeajanata (Linnaeus) is a large, immigrant noctuid (wingspan ca.6.5 cm) that is well established throughout the state of Hawai'i.It is a general foliage feeder and Zim merman (1958) listed 25 host plants, but does not include the introduced plant Christmas berry, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.Achaea janata larvae are usually found infesting croton and castor bean plants and previously never observed by the authors attacking Christmas berry.Literature searches disclosed only one other outbreak recorded on Christmas berry that occurred nearly 40 years ago between Pahala and Na'alehu in Ka'u, Hawai'i Island, Hawai'i, in 1955(Davis 1955).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Achaea janata outbreak occurred on Christmas berry along the west coast of Hawai’i in summer 1992.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye0
- Interactor
- Achaea janata
Achaea janatae0pest - Outcome
- extensive outbreake0
- Setting
- west coast of the island of Hawai'ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the summer of 1992, an extensive outbreak of the croton caterpil lar, Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry, Schinus terebinthifolius, along the west coast of the island of Hawai'i”
Claim · model-written summary
Surveys found pockets of infested trees from Kailua-Kona to South Point.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye1
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae1pest
- Outcome
- pockets of infested treese0
- Setting
- Kailua-Kona to South Pointe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“follow-up surveys disclosed pockets of infested trees from Kailua-Kona to South Point”
e1“Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Achaea janata completely defoliated some Christmas berry trees.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye1
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae0pest
- Outcome
- trees were totally stripped of their foliagee0
- Qualifier
- in some arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achaea janata populations in some areas were heavy enough that trees were totally stripped of their foliage”
e1“Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Local Achaea janata populations usually remained high for one generation.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye1
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae1pest
- Outcome
- Populations at any one sitee0
- Direction
- remained highe0
- Value
- one generatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations at any one site usually remained high for only one generation”
e1“Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae persisted in affected areas until infestations subsided in December 1992.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye1
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae1pest
- Outcome
- Larvae were readily detectede0
- Qualifier
- until the infestations subsided in December 1992e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larvae were readily detected in affected areas until the infestations subsided in December 1992”
e1“Achaea janata, occurred on the shrub Christmas berry”
Claim · model-written summary
No Achaea activity was seen on Christmas berry by February 1993.
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
AchaeaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“By February 1993 there were no signs of Achaea activity on Christmas berry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors had not previously observed Achaea janata attacking Christmas berry.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye0
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae1pest
- Outcome
- previously never observed by the authors attacking Christmas berrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“previously never observed by the authors attacking Christmas berry”
e1“Achaea janata larvae are usually found infesting croton and castor bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A literature search found one earlier Christmas berry outbreak, in 1955.
- Taxon
- Christmas berrye0
- Interactor
- Achaea janataAchaea janatae1pest
- Outcome
- only one other outbreak recorded on Christmas berrye0
- Setting
- between Pahala and Na'alehu in Ka'u, Hawai'i Island, Hawai'ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Literature searches disclosed only one other outbreak recorded on Christmas berry that occurred nearly 40 years ago between Pahala and Na'alehu in Ka'u, Hawai'i Island, Hawai'i, in 1955(Davis 1955)”
e1“Achaea janata larvae are usually found infesting croton and castor bean plants”