Abstract
Approximately 20 years ago, we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat using chromosome substitution lines between Cheyenne (CNN) and Wichita (WI). We found that two chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6A, greatly affected grain yield. CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI. The differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments (e.g. eastern Nebraska) indicating genotype by environment interactions (G Ă E). In studies using hybrid wheat, the gene action for grain yield on these chromosomes was found to be mainly controlled by additive gene action. In subsequent studies, we developed recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICLs) using monosomics or doubled haploids. In extensive studies we found that two regions on 3A affect grain yield in the CNN(RICLs-3A) with the positive QTLs coming from WI. In WI(RICLs-3A), we found a main region on 3A that affected grain yield with the negative QTL coming from CNN. The 3A region identified using WI(RICLs-3A) coincided with one of the regions previously identified in CNN(RICLs-3A). As expected the QTLs have their greatest effect in higher-yielding environments and also exhibit QTL Ă E. Using molecular markers on chromosomes 3A and 6A, the favorable alleles on 3A in Wichita may be from Turkey Red, the original hard red winter wheat in the Great Plains and presumably the original source of the favorable alleles. Cheyenne, a selection from Crimea, did not have the favorable alleles. In studying modern cultivars, many high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraska have the WI-allele indicating that it was selected for in breeding higher yielding cultivars. However, some modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraska where the QTL has less effect retain the CNN-allele, presumably because the allele has less effect (is less important in improving grain yield). In addition many modern cultivars have neither the WI-allele, nor the CNN-allele indicating we have diversified our germplasm and new alleles have been brought into the breeding program in this region.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
CNN(WI3A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- CNN(WI3A)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 15 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- CNNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e1“CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI”
Claim · model-written summary
CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CNN(WI6A)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 15 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- CNNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e1“CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI”
Claim · model-written summary
WI(CNN3A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- WI(CNN3A)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 15 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- WIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e1“CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI”
Claim · model-written summary
WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- WI(CNN6A)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 15 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- WIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e1“CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosome substitutions 3A and 6A greatly affected grain yield in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6Ae2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e2“two chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6A, greatly affected grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- differences in grain yielde3
- Setting
- higher yielding environmentse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e3“The differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments (e.g. eastern Nebraska)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two regions on 3A affect grain yield in CNN(RICLs-3A), with positive QTLs from WI.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CNN(RICLs-3A)e4
- Gene
- positive QTLse4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e4“two regions on 3A affect grain yield in the CNN(RICLs-3A) with the positive QTLs coming from WI”
Claim · model-written summary
A main region on 3A affects grain yield in WI(RICLs-3A), with a negative QTL from CNN.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- WI(RICLs-3A)e5
- Gene
- negative QTLe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e5“In WI(RICLs-3A), we found a main region on 3A that affected grain yield with the negative QTL coming from CNN”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3A region identified in WI(RICLs-3A) coincided with a region previously identified in CNN(RICLs-3A).
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- WI(RICLs-3A)e6
- Outcome
- coincidede6
- Comparator
- CNN(RICLs-3A)e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e6“The 3A region identified using WI(RICLs-3A) coincided with one of the regions previously identified in CNN(RICLs-3A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Many high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraska carry the WI-allele.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraskae7
- Outcome
- WI-allelee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e7“many high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraska have the WI-allele”
Claim · model-written summary
Some modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraska retain the CNN-allele.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraskae6
- Outcome
- CNN-allelee6
- Qualifier
- where the QTL has less effecte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e6“some modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraska where the QTL has less effect retain the CNN-allele”
Claim · model-written summary
Many modern cultivars carry neither the WI-allele nor the CNN-allele.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- modern cultivarse7
- Outcome
- neither the WI-allele, nor the CNN-allelee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e7“many modern cultivars have neither the WI-allele, nor the CNN-allele”
Claim · model-written summary
Cheyenne did not carry the favorable alleles.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Cheyennee6
- Outcome
- favorable allelese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat”
e6“Cheyenne, a selection from Crimea, did not have the favorable alleles”