Abstract
The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius, and post-harvest seed losses were studied in the laboratory and in cowpea fields in the Western Highlands of Cameroon during the first and second cropping seasons of 1999 and 2000. Adult weevils appeared before flowering and fed on cowpea leaves and flowers before switching to newly formed pods. Pod-feeding produced holes on the pod wall mesocarp through which the female layed a cluster of 2-5 ovoid, semi-translucent eggs; the eggs hatched 3-4 days later. Three larval stages fed on the peas and pupated within the pod, usually near the damaged peas. Juveniles continued to feed in the mature harvested cowpea pods in storage; adults emerged up to two weeks after harvest. Development was completed within 16-17 days and the adults lived for more than five months. Post-harvest cowpea seed damage peaked two weeks after harvest. A number of hymenopterous parasitoids, Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard, Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), Pediobius sp., Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius. During the off-season for cowpea, P. varius adults survived on cowpea haulm residue left in the field and on surrounding cultivated and indigenous alternate hosts. The implication of this bio-ecological information in the management of P. varius populations is discussed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Adult weevils appeared before flowering, feeding on cowpea leaves and flowers before new pods.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0host - Outcome
- appeared before flowering and fed on cowpea leaves and flowers before switching to newly formed podse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adult weevils appeared before flowering and fed on cowpea leaves and flowers before switching to newly formed pods”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod feeding made holes through which females laid clusters of 2-5 eggs.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1host
- Outcome
- cluster of 2-5 ovoid, semi-translucent eggse0
- Value
- 2-5e0
- Qualifier
- Pod-feeding produced holes on the pod wall mesocarpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod-feeding produced holes on the pod wall mesocarp through which the female layed a cluster of 2-5 ovoid, semi-translucent eggs”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevil eggs hatched 3-4 days after laying.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1host
- Outcome
- eggs hatchede0
- Value
- 3-4 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the eggs hatched 3-4 days later”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Three larval stages fed on peas and pupated within pods, usually near damaged peas.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1host
- Outcome
- Three larval stages fed on the peas and pupated within the pode0
- Qualifier
- usually near the damaged pease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three larval stages fed on the peas and pupated within the pod, usually near the damaged peas”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Juveniles fed in stored mature cowpea pods and adults emerged up to two weeks after harvest.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0host
- Outcome
- Juveniles continued to feed in the mature harvested cowpea pods in storage; adults emergede0
- Qualifier
- up to two weeks after harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Juveniles continued to feed in the mature harvested cowpea pods in storage; adults emerged up to two weeks after harvest”
e1“Piezotrachelus varius, and post-harvest seed losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevil development completed in 16-17 days.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1host
- Outcome
- Developmente0
- Value
- 16-17 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development was completed within 16-17 days”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults lived more than five months.
- Taxon
- Piezotrachelus variuse1
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1host
- Outcome
- adults livede0
- Value
- more than five monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adults lived for more than five months”
e1“The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest cowpea seed damage peaked two weeks after harvest.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- Piezotrachelus variuse1pest
- Outcome
- cowpea seed damagee0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- two weeks after harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-harvest cowpea seed damage peaked two weeks after harvest”
e1“Piezotrachelus varius, and post-harvest seed losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Anisopteromalus calandrae emerged from pods and appeared to be a potential parasitoid of P. varius.
- Taxon
- Anisopteromalus calandrae
Anisopteromalus calandraee0 - Interactor
- P. variuse0other
- Outcome
- emerged from the podse0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be potential parasitoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard, Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), Pediobius sp., Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Pteromalus sp. emerged from pods and appeared to be a potential parasitoid of P. varius.
- Taxon
- Pteromalus sp.
Pteromaluse0 - Interactor
- P. variuse0other
- Outcome
- emerged from the podse0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be potential parasitoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), Pediobius sp., Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Pediobius sp. emerged from pods and appeared to be a potential parasitoid of P. varius.
- Interactor
- P. variuse0other
- Outcome
- emerged from the podse0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be potential parasitoidse0
PediobiusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pediobius sp., Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Aprostocetus sp. emerged from pods and appeared to be a potential parasitoid of P. varius.
- Taxon
- Aprostocetus sp.
Aprostocetuse0 - Interactor
- P. variuse0other
- Outcome
- emerged from the podse0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be potential parasitoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Bracon sp. emerged from pods and appeared to be a potential parasitoid of P. varius.
- Interactor
- P. variuse0other
- Outcome
- emerged from the podse0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be potential parasitoidse0
BraconOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from the pods. These were collected and appeared to be potential parasitoids of P. varius”
Claim · model-written summary
Off-season P. varius adults survived on cowpea residues and alternate hosts.
- Taxon
- P. variuse0
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0host
- Outcome
- adults survived on cowpea haulm residue left in the field and on surrounding cultivated and indigenous alternate hostse0
- Qualifier
- During the off-season for cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the off-season for cowpea, P. varius adults survived on cowpea haulm residue left in the field and on surrounding cultivated and indigenous alternate hosts”