Abstract
Changes in the weed seedbank due to crop production practices are an important determinant of subsequent weed problems. Research was conducted to evaluate effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seedbank in three irrigated row crop rotational sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr, continuous pinto beans for 3 yr, or sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year. Cropping sequence was the most dominant factor influencing species composition in the seedbank. This was partly due to herbicide use in each cropping sequence producing a shift in the weed seedbank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed of predominant species were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The number of predominant annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seedbank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing unless effective weed control could be maintained to produce a decline in seedbank number. In this case, seedbank decline was generally more rapid after moldboard plowing. Row cultivation generally reduced seedbanks of most species compared to uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences. A simple model was developed to validate the observation that rate of change in the weed seedbank is influenced by type of tillage and weed control effectiveness.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping sequence was the most dominant factor influencing weed species composition in the seedbank.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cropping sequence was the most dominant factor influencing species composition in the seedbank”
t0“Weed Seedbank”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide use in each cropping sequence shifted the weed seedbank in favor of species less susceptible to the applied herbicides.
- Taxon
- weede0
- Treatment
- herbicide usee0
- Outcome
- shift in the weed seedbanke0
- Direction
- shifte0
- Qualifier
- in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicidese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“herbicide use in each cropping sequence producing a shift in the weed seedbank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed seed of predominant species were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing than after moldboard plowing.
Verbatim
e0“A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed of predominant species were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing”
t0“Weed Seedbank”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 3 years the number of predominant annual weed seed increased more rapidly in the seedbank after chisel plowing than after moldboard plowing unless effective weed control was maintained to produce a decline.
Verbatim
e0“The number of predominant annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seedbank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing unless effective weed control could be maintained to produce a decline in seedbank number”
t0“Weed Seedbank”
Claim · model-written summary
When effective weed control was maintained, seedbank decline was generally more rapid after moldboard plowing.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In this case, seedbank decline was generally more rapid after moldboard plowing”
t0“Weed Seedbank”
Claim · model-written summary
Row cultivation generally reduced seedbanks of most weed species compared with uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences.
Verbatim
e0“Row cultivation generally reduced seedbanks of most species compared to uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences”
t0“Weed Seedbank”
Claim · model-written summary
A simple model supported the observation that the rate of change in the weed seedbank is influenced by type of tillage and weed control effectiveness.
- Taxon
- Weedt0
- Treatment
- type of tillage and weed control effectivenesse0
- Outcome
- rate of change in the weed seedbanke0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A simple model was developed to validate the observation that rate of change in the weed seedbank is influenced by type of tillage and weed control effectiveness”
t0“Weed Seedbank”