Abstract
Objective An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed through analysis of the status of rice production and the main constraints limiting rice production in the world. Method Changes of rice planting area and yield and its contribution to production, and the main factors limiting rice production were analyzed. Result In the period from 1961 to 2006, rice planting area increased by 32% mainly due to the increase of the double cropping system, yield increased by 1.21 times mainly due to the application of semi-dwarf variety and hybrid, and its accompanying cultivation technology, improvement of irrigation system and chemical fertilizer application that resulted in the increase of rice production by 1.92 times. Planting area increase contributed to 27% and yield increase to 73% of the increase of rice production. Since 1960s of the 20th century, the annual growth rate of rice planting area decreased significantly. The annual growth rate of yield is becoming small. It is 2.58%, 0.98% and 1.16% respectively in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000. The decrease of annual growth rate of rice area and yield resulted in the decrease of annual growth rate of rice production. The annual growth rate of rice production is 2.73%, 1.48% and 0.88%, respectively, in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000. The factors limiting rice production mainly are low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase, more frequency of pest damage and natural disaster, yield declining in multiple-cropping system and low production profit. Conclusion To increase the global rice yield, there is a geat need for breeding of high-yielding variety and hybrid, practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africa, development of integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gap and mechanized rice production technology, and enhancement of policy support for rice production.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Rice planting area increased by 32% from 1961 to 2006.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- rice planting areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 32%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e1“rice planting area increased by 32% mainly due to the increase of the double cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield increased 1.21 times, mainly due to semi-dwarf varieties and hybrids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 1.21 timese2
- Qualifier
- mainly due to the application of semi-dwarf variety and hybride2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e2“yield increased by 1.21 times mainly due to the application of semi-dwarf variety and hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice production increased 1.92 times.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice productione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 1.92 timese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e3“resulted in the increase of rice production by 1.92 times”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting area increase contributed 27% of the increase of rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- increase of rice productione4
- Value
- 27%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e4“Planting area increase contributed to 27% and yield increase to 73% of the increase of rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase contributed 73% of the increase of rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- increase of rice productione4
- Value
- 73%e4
- Qualifier
- yield increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e4“Planting area increase contributed to 27% and yield increase to 73% of the increase of rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice planting area decreased significantly since the 1960s.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of rice planting areae5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e5“Since 1960s of the 20th century, the annual growth rate of rice planting area decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice yield was 2.58% in the 1980s.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of yielde6
- Value
- 2.58%e6
- Qualifier
- 1980se6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e6“The annual growth rate of yield is becoming small. It is 2.58%, 0.98% and 1.16% respectively in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice yield was 0.98% in the 1990s.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of yielde6
- Value
- 0.98%e6
- Qualifier
- 1990se6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e6“The annual growth rate of yield is becoming small. It is 2.58%, 0.98% and 1.16% respectively in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice yield was 1.16% after 2000.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of yielde6
- Value
- 1.16%e6
- Qualifier
- after 2000e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e6“The annual growth rate of yield is becoming small. It is 2.58%, 0.98% and 1.16% respectively in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice production was 2.73% in the 1980s.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of rice productione7
- Value
- 2.73%e7
- Qualifier
- 1980se7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e7“The annual growth rate of rice production is 2.73%, 1.48% and 0.88%, respectively, in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice production was 1.48% in the 1990s.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of rice productione7
- Value
- 1.48%e7
- Qualifier
- 1990se7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e7“The annual growth rate of rice production is 2.73%, 1.48% and 0.88%, respectively, in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual growth rate of rice production was 0.88% after 2000.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of rice productione7
- Value
- 0.88%e7
- Qualifier
- after 2000e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e7“The annual growth rate of rice production is 2.73%, 1.48% and 0.88%, respectively, in 1980s, 1990s and after 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in annual growth rate of rice area and yield resulted in a decrease in the annual growth rate of rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- annual growth rate of rice productione7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Qualifier
- The decrease of annual growth rate of rice area and yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e7“The decrease of annual growth rate of rice area and yield resulted in the decrease of annual growth rate of rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
More frequent pest damage and natural disasters limit rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- frequency of pest damage and natural disastere1
- Direction
- moree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e1“The factors limiting rice production mainly are low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase, more frequency of pest damage and natural disaster, yield declining in multiple-cropping system and low production profit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase limits rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- contribution of rice production technology to yield increasee1
- Direction
- lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e1“The factors limiting rice production mainly are low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase, more frequency of pest damage and natural disaster, yield declining in multiple-cropping system and low production profit”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield is declining in the multiple-cropping system, limiting rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- yield declining in multiple-cropping systeme1
- Direction
- declininge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e1“The factors limiting rice production mainly are low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase, more frequency of pest damage and natural disaster, yield declining in multiple-cropping system and low production profit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low production profit limits rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- production profite1
- Direction
- lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e1“The factors limiting rice production mainly are low contribution of rice production technology to yield increase, more frequency of pest damage and natural disaster, yield declining in multiple-cropping system and low production profit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend breeding of high-yielding varieties and hybrids and practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africa to increase global rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- breeding of high-yielding variety and hybrid, practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e2“To increase the global rice yield, there is a geat need for breeding of high-yielding variety and hybrid, practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africa, development of integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gap and mechanized rice production technology, and enhancement of policy support for rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gap.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gape2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e2“To increase the global rice yield, there is a geat need for breeding of high-yielding variety and hybrid, practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africa, development of integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gap and mechanized rice production technology, and enhancement of policy support for rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend mechanized rice production technology and enhanced policy support for rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- mechanized rice production technologye2
- Qualifier
- enhancement of policy support for rice productione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An approach to increase rice yield and production was discussed”
e2“To increase the global rice yield, there is a geat need for breeding of high-yielding variety and hybrid, practice of new Africa rice varieties in Africa, development of integrated rice management technology to reduce the yield gap and mechanized rice production technology, and enhancement of policy support for rice production”