Paper · 1959 · Journal of Economic Entomology

Granulated Insecticides for Control of the European Corn Borer in Southwestern Ontario1

H. B. Wressell; G. R. Driscoll

16
claims
35
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears. Plots treated with DDT emulsion, granulated DDT, and granulated toxaphene at 1.5 lb. of toxicant per acre yielded 80%, 73%, and 62% marketable ears, respectively. Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable. In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively. The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%.

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. per acre gave over 95% marketable sweet corn ears in 1956 against the European corn borer.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acree1
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse1
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 95%e1
Comparator
untreated check plotse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. per acre gave over 95% marketable sweet corn ears in 1956 against the European corn borer.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb.e1
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse1
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 95%e1
Comparator
untreated check plotse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

DDT emulsion at 1.5 lb. per acre gave 80% marketable sweet corn ears in 1956.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
DDT emulsione2
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse2
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
80%e2
Comparator
untreated check plotse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plots treated with DDT emulsion, granulated DDT, and granulated toxaphene at 1.5 lb. of toxicant per acre yielded 80%, 73%, and 62% marketable ears, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 285–446 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated DDT at 1.5 lb. per acre gave 73% marketable sweet corn ears in 1956.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated DDTe2
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse2
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
73%e2
Comparator
untreated check plotse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plots treated with DDT emulsion, granulated DDT, and granulated toxaphene at 1.5 lb. of toxicant per acre yielded 80%, 73%, and 62% marketable ears, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 285–446 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated toxaphene at 1.5 lb. per acre gave 62% marketable sweet corn ears in 1956.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated toxaphenee2
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse2
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
62%e2
Comparator
untreated check plotse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plots treated with DDT emulsion, granulated DDT, and granulated toxaphene at 1.5 lb. of toxicant per acre yielded 80%, 73%, and 62% marketable ears, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 285–446 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Only 2% of the sweet corn ears in untreated check plots were marketable in 1956.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketablee3
Value
2%e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e3

“Only 2% of the ears in the untreated check plots were marketable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–512 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. per acre reduced European corn borer larvae by over 90% on sweet corn in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acree4
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
number of larvaee4
Direction
reducede4
Value
over 90%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e4

“In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated endrin at 0.3 lb. reduced European corn borer larvae by over 90% on sweet corn in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated endrin at 0.3 lb.e4
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
number of larvaee4
Direction
reducede4
Value
over 90%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e4

“In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced European corn borer larvae by over 90% on sweet corn in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb.e4
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
number of larvaee4
Direction
reducede4
Value
over 90%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e4

“In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. reduced European corn borer larvae by 87% on sweet corn in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb.e4
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
number of larvaee4
Direction
decreaseinferrede1
Value
87%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e4

“In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated DDT reduced European corn borer larvae by 84% on sweet corn in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
granulated DDTe4
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
number of larvaee4
Direction
decreaseinferrede1
Value
84%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e4

“In 1957, a commercial applicator being used. granulated heptachlor at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre, granulated endrin at 0.3 lb., and granulated Dipterex at 1.5 lb. reduced the number of larvae by over 90%; a DDT emulsion spray at 1.5 lb. and granulated DDT at lb., 87% and 84%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated heptachlor gave over 90% marketable sweet corn ears in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
heptachlore5
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse5
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 90%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e5

“The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Granulated endrin gave over 90% marketable sweet corn ears in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
endrine5
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse5
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 90%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e5

“The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dipterex gave over 90% marketable sweet corn ears in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
Dipterexe5
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse5
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 90%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e5

“The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

DDT gave over 85% marketable sweet corn ears in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Treatment
DDTe5
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse5
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
over 85%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e5

“The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–943 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The untreated sweet corn check had 14% marketable ears in 1957.

Taxon
sweet corne1
Interactor
European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise1pest
Outcome
marketable earse5
Value
14%e5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ostrinia nubilalis
Ostrinia nubilalis · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryKeith Weller · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“In 1956, sweet corn plots treated with hand applicators three times at weekly intervals with granulated endrin at 0.5 lb. of toxicant per acre or with granulated heptachlor at 1.5 lb. for control of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.)) yielded over 95% marketable ears”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–283 · show in text ↑
e5

“The percentage of marketable ears for the treatments were: heptachlor, endrin, and Dipterex, over 90%; DDT, over 85%; untreated check, 14%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–943 · show in text ↑

endrin · Ostrinia nubilalis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

application · Ostrinia nubilalis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.