Abstract
Ground cloth samples of insect pests were taken weekly from 3 soybean fields during 1972 and 1973. Population levels of green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), were highest during late August in 1972 and early August in 1973. In 1972, larvae numbers of Heliothis larvae were present in late August but were not present in any of the fields in 1973. Populations of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), peaked during early September and also were present in low numbers during October. In 1973, velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, occurred later than any other Lepidoptera (mid to late September). In 1972, they were virtually absent from all fields. Larvae of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were abundant in mid-September and numbers of adults were increasing when sampling was terminated in mid-October. Populations of green cloverworms, soybean and cabbage loopers, Heliothis spp., and Mexican bean beetle larvae were present during the pod-set stage of the soybean plant and therefore should receive the most emphasis in developing insect management strategies.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Green cloverworm populations peaked in late August 1972 and early August 1973.
- Taxon
- green cloverworm
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Hypena scabrae0 - Outcome
- Population levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- late August in 1972 and early August in 1973e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Population levels of green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), were highest during late August in 1972 and early August in 1973.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heliothis larvae occurred in late August 1972 but not in 1973 fields.
HeliothisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1972, larvae numbers of Heliothis larvae were present in late August but were not present in any of the fields in 1973.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean looper populations peaked in early September and persisted at low numbers in October.
- Taxon
- soybean looper
Chrysodeixis includense0 - Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- early Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), peaked during early September and also were present in low numbers during October.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage looper populations peaked in early September and persisted at low numbers in October.
- Taxon
- cabbage looper
Trichoplusia nie0 - Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- early Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), peaked during early September and also were present in low numbers during October.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean caterpillar occurred in mid to late September 1973 and was nearly absent in 1972.
- Taxon
- velvetbean caterpillar
Anticarsia gemmatalise0 - Outcome
- occurred later than any other Lepidopterae0
- Qualifier
- mid to late Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1973, velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, occurred later than any other Lepidoptera (mid to late September). In 1972, they were virtually absent from all fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican bean beetle larvae were abundant in mid September and adults increased into October.
- Taxon
- Mexican bean beetle
Epilachna varivestise0 - Outcome
- Larvaee0
- Direction
- abundante0
- Qualifier
- mid-Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larvae of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were abundant in mid-September and numbers of adults were increasing when sampling was terminated in mid-October.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend emphasizing pests active at soybean pod set in management.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- pod-set stagee0
- Outcome
- most emphasis in developing insect management strategiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of green cloverworms, soybean and cabbage loopers, Heliothis spp., and Mexican bean beetle larvae were present during the pod-set stage of the soybean plant and therefore should receive the most emphasis in developing insect management strategies.”