Abstract
The effects of a tri-trophic level (grain sorghum-greenbug-coccinellid) interaction were examined in the laboratory using greenhouse-grown plants. Two resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrids, Dekalb DK-41 Y and DK-59E, which exhibit antibiosis to green bugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were tested along with a greenbug-susceptible hybrid, Horizon 101G. Single egg clusters from Hippodamia convergens Guerin females were randomly separated at hatching into two groups. Each group was fed greenbugs from either a resistant or susceptible grain sorghum hybrid. Plant antibiosis reduced larvalpupal survival and increased the amount of time from egg eclosion to pupation in coccinellids that fed on greenbugs from both of the resistant hybrids compared with the susceptible hybrid. Survival to adulthood was 82.9% in the 101G-susceptible treatment and 62.1% for larvae fed greenbugs from resistant DK-41 Y. Survival was 91.6% in the susceptible 101G treatment and 86.5% in the resistant DK-59E treatment. Resistant sorghum hybrid DK-59E had a significant treatment-by-sex interaction effect on coccinellid adult weights, with females that consumed greenbugs from the resistant hybrid weighing less, whereas males weighed more when compared with the respective sexes feeding on greenbugs from the susceptible sorghum hybrid.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellids fed greenbugs from both resistant sorghum hybrids had reduced larval-pupal survival compared with those fed greenbugs from the susceptible hybrid.
- Treatment
- fed on greenbugs from both of the resistant hybridse1
- Interactor
- coccinellidse1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- greenbugs
Schizaphis graminume1pest - Outcome
- larvalpupal survivale1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- susceptible hybride1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrids, Dekalb DK-41 Y and DK-59E, which exhibit antibiosis to green bugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were tested along with a greenbug-susceptible hybrid, Horizon 101G.”
e1“Plant antibiosis reduced larvalpupal survival and increased the amount of time from egg eclosion to pupation in coccinellids that fed on greenbugs from both of the resistant hybrids compared with the susceptible hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellids fed greenbugs from both resistant sorghum hybrids had an increased time from egg eclosion to pupation compared with the susceptible hybrid.
- Treatment
- fed on greenbugs from both of the resistant hybridse1
- Interactor
- coccinellidse1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- greenbugsSchizaphis graminume1pest
- Outcome
- the amount of time from egg eclosion to pupatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- susceptible hybride1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrids, Dekalb DK-41 Y and DK-59E, which exhibit antibiosis to green bugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were tested along with a greenbug-susceptible hybrid, Horizon 101G.”
e1“Plant antibiosis reduced larvalpupal survival and increased the amount of time from egg eclosion to pupation in coccinellids that fed on greenbugs from both of the resistant hybrids compared with the susceptible hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival to adulthood was 62.1% for coccinellids fed greenbugs from resistant DK-41 Y, lower than 82.9% on the susceptible 101G treatment.
- Material
- DK-41 Ye2
- Treatment
- larvae fed greenbugs from resistant DK-41 Ye2
- Interactor
- greenbugsSchizaphis graminume2pest
- Outcome
- Survival to adulthoode2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 62.1%e2
- Comparator
- 101G-susceptible treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrids, Dekalb DK-41 Y and DK-59E, which exhibit antibiosis to green bugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were tested along with a greenbug-susceptible hybrid, Horizon 101G.”
e2“Survival to adulthood was 82.9% in the 101G-susceptible treatment and 62.1% for larvae fed greenbugs from resistant DK-41 Y”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival of coccinellids fed greenbugs from resistant DK-59E was 86.5%, lower than 91.6% on the susceptible 101G treatment.
- Material
- DK-59Ee3
- Treatment
- resistant DK-59E treatmente3
- Outcome
- Survivale3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 86.5%e3
- Comparator
- susceptible 101G treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrids, Dekalb DK-41 Y and DK-59E, which exhibit antibiosis to green bugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were tested along with a greenbug-susceptible hybrid, Horizon 101G.”
e3“Survival was 91.6% in the susceptible 101G treatment and 86.5% in the resistant DK-59E treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Female coccinellids that consumed greenbugs from the resistant DK-59E hybrid weighed less than those feeding on the susceptible hybrid, a significant treatment-by-sex interaction.
- Material
- DK-59Ee4
- Treatment
- greenbugs from the resistant hybride4
- Interactor
- coccinellide4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid adult weightse4
- Direction
- weighing lesse4
- Qualifier
- femalese4
- Comparator
- the susceptible sorghum hybride4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant sorghum hybrid DK-59E had a significant treatment-by-sex interaction effect on coccinellid adult weights, with females that consumed greenbugs from the resistant hybrid weighing less, whereas males weighed more when compared with the respective sexes feeding on greenbugs from the susceptible sorghum hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Male coccinellids that consumed greenbugs from the resistant DK-59E hybrid weighed more than those feeding on the susceptible hybrid, a significant treatment-by-sex interaction.
- Material
- DK-59Ee4
- Treatment
- greenbugs from the resistant hybride4
- Interactor
- coccinellide4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid adult weightse4
- Direction
- weighed moree4
- Qualifier
- malese4
- Comparator
- the susceptible sorghum hybride4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resistant sorghum hybrid DK-59E had a significant treatment-by-sex interaction effect on coccinellid adult weights, with females that consumed greenbugs from the resistant hybrid weighing less, whereas males weighed more when compared with the respective sexes feeding on greenbugs from the susceptible sorghum hybrid”