Abstract
Methods involving a sweep net, ground cloth, and ground cloth plus visual observation were evaluated for sampling arthropod pests and predators in three soybean cropping systems. The ground-cloth technique provided a good estimate of absolute density for most of the species sampled. In conventionally planted soybeans with rows spaced 81 cm apart, the ground cloth alone sampled from 82 to 97% of the true arthropod density as measured by the ground cloth plus visual observation method. In drill-planted soybeans and soybeans planted in small grain stubble, these ranges in efficiency were 75 to 96% and 73 to 90%, respectively. The lower percentages in ground-cloth sampling were primarily due to individuals remaining on the soybean foliage after the plants had been shaken. A power model was used to transform sweep-net counts to equivalent ground-cloth counts using regression analyses on mean densities of nine arthropod species encountered in 150 fields. In 11 of the 27 species/cropping system combinations, a linear model adequately described the relationship between the two methods. In those regressions that showed nonlinear relationships, the sweep net was more efficient than the ground cloth at high pest densities. Our equations provide estimates of absolute densities of arthropods in different cropping systems using different sampling methods and can be used to convert action thresholds between systems and methods.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cloth estimated absolute density well for most sampled arthropod species.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- good estimate of absolute densitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ground-cloth technique provided a good estimate of absolute density for most of the species sampled”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cloth captured 82 to 97% of true arthropod density in conventional 81 cm soybean rows.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- true arthropod densitye0
- Value
- 82 to 97%e0
- Qualifier
- rows spaced 81 cm aparte0
- Comparator
- ground cloth plus visual observation methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conventionally planted soybeans with rows spaced 81 cm apart, the ground cloth alone sampled from 82 to 97% of the true arthropod density as measured by the ground cloth plus visual observation method”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cloth efficiency was 75 to 96% in drill-planted soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Material
- drill-planted soybeanse0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Value
- 75 to 96%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In drill-planted soybeans and soybeans planted in small grain stubble, these ranges in efficiency were 75 to 96% and 73 to 90%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cloth efficiency was 73 to 90% for soybean in small grain stubble.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Material
- soybeans planted in small grain stubblee0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Value
- 73 to 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In drill-planted soybeans and soybeans planted in small grain stubble, these ranges in efficiency were 75 to 96% and 73 to 90%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven of 27 species by system combinations had an adequately linear relation between sampling methods.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- linear model adequately described the relationship between the two methodse0
- Value
- 11 of the 27 species/cropping system combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 11 of the 27 species/cropping system combinations, a linear model adequately described the relationship between the two methods”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In nonlinear cases, sweep nets were more efficient at high pest densities.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- efficiente0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Qualifier
- high pest densitiese0
- Comparator
- ground clothe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In those regressions that showed nonlinear relationships, the sweep net was more efficient than the ground cloth at high pest densities”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The equations estimate absolute arthropod density and support threshold conversion between systems and methods.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- estimates of absolute densities of arthropodse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our equations provide estimates of absolute densities of arthropods in different cropping systems using different sampling methods and can be used to convert action thresholds between systems and methods”
t0“Soybean”