Abstract
In vitro laboratory decay tests on Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. wood revealed that I. hispidus exhibits a combination of both white-rot and soft-rot patterns of wood decay. Early stages of wood decay showed dissolution of the middle lamella as well as defibration and localized delignification of fiber walls; vessels, axial, and ray parenchyma remained unaltered. Delignification commenced from the middle lamellae at the cell corners without any marked effect on the primary and secondary wall layers. In later stages of growth, the species produces typical soft-rot decay pattern by forming erosion channels through the S2 layers of fiber walls, transverse bore holes in the cell walls, and erosion channels alongside/following the orientation of cellulose microfibrils. The rays showed signs of cell wall alterations only after the extensive damage to the fiber walls. After 120 days of incubation, the vessels also showed localized delignification, the erosion of pits, and separation from associated xylem elements. The extensive weight losses under natural and in vitro decayed wood as well as the very soft nature of severely degraded wood indicate that I. hispidus alters wood strength and stiffness.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
I. hispidus produced both white-rot and soft-rot decay patterns in Ailanthus wood.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Ailanthus excelsuse0 - Interactor
- I. hispiduse0pathogen
- Outcome
- white-rot and soft-rot patterns of wood decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro laboratory decay tests on Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. wood revealed that I. hispidus exhibits a combination of both white-rot and soft-rot patterns of wood decay.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early decay dissolved the middle lamella and caused defibration and localized fiber-wall delignification.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Organ / stage
- fiber wallse0
- Outcome
- dissolution of the middle lamella as well as defibration and localized delignification of fiber wallse0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early stages of wood decay showed dissolution of the middle lamella as well as defibration and localized delignification of fiber walls; vessels, axial, and ray parenchyma remained unaltered.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
Vessels, axial parenchyma, and ray parenchyma remained unaltered in early decay.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Outcome
- vessels, axial, and ray parenchyma remained unalterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vessels, axial, and ray parenchyma remained unaltered”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
Delignification began at middle-lamella cell corners without marked primary or secondary wall effects.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Outcome
- Delignification commenced from the middle lamellae at the cell cornerse0
- Qualifier
- without any marked effect on the primary and secondary wall layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delignification commenced from the middle lamellae at the cell corners without any marked effect on the primary and secondary wall layers.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
Later decay formed erosion channels and transverse bore holes in fiber walls.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Organ / stage
- fiber wallse0
- Outcome
- erosion channels through the S2 layers of fiber walls, transverse bore holes in the cell walls, and erosion channels alongside/following the orientation of cellulose microfibrilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In later stages of growth, the species produces typical soft-rot decay pattern by forming erosion channels through the S2 layers of fiber walls, transverse bore holes in the cell walls, and erosion channels alongside/following the orientation of cellulose microfibrils.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
Rays showed cell-wall alteration only after extensive fiber-wall damage.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Organ / stage
- rayse0
- Outcome
- cell wall alterationse0
- Qualifier
- only after the extensive damage to the fiber wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rays showed signs of cell wall alterations only after the extensive damage to the fiber walls.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
After 120 days, vessels showed localized delignification, pit erosion, and separation from xylem elements.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Organ / stage
- vesselse0
- Outcome
- localized delignification, the erosion of pits, and separation from associated xylem elementse0
- Qualifier
- After 120 days of incubatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 120 days of incubation, the vessels also showed localized delignification, the erosion of pits, and separation from associated xylem elements.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”
Claim · model-written summary
Weight loss and softness indicate that I. hispidus alters wood strength and stiffness.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus excelsaAilanthus excelsust0
- Interactor
- I. hispiduse0pathogen
- Outcome
- wood strength and stiffnesse0
- Qualifier
- extensive weight losses under natural and in vitro decayed woode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extensive weight losses under natural and in vitro decayed wood as well as the very soft nature of severely degraded wood indicate that I. hispidus alters wood strength and stiffness.”
t0“Ailanthus excelsaWood”