Abstract
The distribution of downy mildews, powdery mildews and rusts over the genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae has been surveyed. The proportion of host genera attacked by each of these groups of pathogens is highest in the Lactuceae, but also high in the Cynareae and Heliantheae. The tribe Mutisieae has very few genera with powdery mildews or rusts, and none with downy mildews; the taxonomic position of this tribe appears to warrant re-examination. Of the 269 genera of Compositae recorded as attacked by one or more of the above pathogen groups, many more have rusts alone (99 genera) than powdery mildews alone (32 genera), and 64 are affected by all three groups of pathogens. If a host genus is affected by a downy mildew, it also is affected by a rust and/or powdery mildew. Downy mildews are thus much less likely to be found on species of Compositae that are not hosts of rusts or powdery mildews. Hosts of Bremia are mostly found in tribes in which hosts of Plasmopara are comparatively rare or absent, and vice versa. Hosts of Peronospora are limited to Anthemideae and Lactuceae, and hosts of Basidiophora to Astereae and Heliantheae. No downy mildew hosts have been recorded in genera of Liabeae and Tageteae. Distribution of Puccinia is general, over all tribes. Species of Uromyces are absent from hosts in Lactuceae. Hosts in genera of Senecioneae, Cynareae, and Lactuceae are most likely to be affected by species of more than one genus of Erysiphaceae. Implications of the distribution of the three groups of pathogens for the taxonomic study of their hosts are discussed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Host genera attacked by downy mildews, powdery mildews and rusts were most frequent in Lactuceae and also frequent in Cynareae and Heliantheae.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of host genera attacked by each of these groups of pathogens is highest in the Lactuceae, but also high in the Cynareae and Heliantheae.”
e1“The distribution of downy mildews, powdery mildews and rusts over the genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae has been surveyed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutisieae had very few genera with powdery mildew or rust and none with downy mildew.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Material
- Mutisieaee0
- Interactor
- powdery mildews or rustsPuccinialesErysiphaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- genera with powdery mildews or rusts, and none with downy mildewse0
- Direction
- very fewe0
Verbatim
e0“The tribe Mutisieae has very few genera with powdery mildews or rusts, and none with downy mildews”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Among attacked Compositae genera, 99 had rusts alone.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee0
- Interactor
- rustsPuccinialese0pathogen
- Outcome
- rusts alonee0
- Direction
- many moree0
- Value
- 99 generae0
Verbatim
e0“Of the 269 genera of Compositae recorded as attacked by one or more of the above pathogen groups, many more have rusts alone (99 genera) than powdery mildews alone (32 genera), and 64 are affected by all three groups of pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Among attacked Compositae genera, 32 had powdery mildews alone.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewsErysiphaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- powdery mildews alonee0
- Value
- 32 generae0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Of the 269 genera of Compositae recorded as attacked by one or more of the above pathogen groups, many more have rusts alone (99 genera) than powdery mildews alone (32 genera), and 64 are affected by all three groups of pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty-four Compositae genera were affected by all three pathogen groups.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- affected by all three groups of pathogense0
- Value
- 64e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“64 are affected by all three groups of pathogens.”
e1“Of the 269 genera of Compositae recorded as attacked”
Claim · model-written summary
Compositae genera with downy mildew were also affected by rust or powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- rust and/or powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- affected by a rust and/or powdery mildewe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“If a host genus is affected by a downy mildew, it also is affected by a rust and/or powdery mildew.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bremia hosts concentrated in tribes where Plasmopara hosts were rare or absent, and vice versa.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Second interactor
- Plasmopara
Plasmoparae0pathogen - Outcome
- Hosts of Bremia are mostly found in tribes in which hosts of Plasmopara are comparatively rare or absente0
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BremiaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Hosts of Bremia are mostly found in tribes in which hosts of Plasmopara are comparatively rare or absent, and vice versa.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Peronospora hosts were limited to Anthemideae and Lactuceae.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- Peronospora
Peronosporae0pathogen - Outcome
- Hosts of Peronospora are limited to Anthemideae and Lactuceaee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hosts of Peronospora are limited to Anthemideae and Lactuceae”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Basidiophora hosts were limited to Astereae and Heliantheae.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- BasidiophoraBasidiophorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- hosts of Basidiophora to Astereae and Heliantheaee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“hosts of Basidiophora to Astereae and Heliantheae”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
No downy mildew hosts were recorded in Liabeae and Tageteae genera.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- No downy mildew hosts have been recorded in genera of Liabeae and Tageteaee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“No downy mildew hosts have been recorded in genera of Liabeae and Tageteae.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Puccinia occurred across all Compositae tribes.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Outcome
- Distribution of Puccinia is general, over all tribese0
PucciniaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distribution of Puccinia is general, over all tribes.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Uromyces species were absent from Lactuceae hosts.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Outcome
- absent from hosts in Lactuceaee0
UromycesNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Species of Uromyces are absent from hosts in Lactuceae.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”
Claim · model-written summary
Hosts in Senecioneae, Cynareae and Lactuceae were most likely to have species from more than one Erysiphaceae genus.
- Taxon
- CompositaeAsteraceaee1
- Interactor
- ErysiphaceaeErysiphaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- affected by species of more than one genus of Erysiphaceaee0
- Direction
- most likelye0
Verbatim
e0“Hosts in genera of Senecioneae, Cynareae, and Lactuceae are most likely to be affected by species of more than one genus of Erysiphaceae.”
e1“genera of the 15 tribes of Compositae”