Abstract
Efficacy of the ‘Mexican’ and ‘All’ strains of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) was determined after application through a lateral-move irrigation system when root worms were in the 2nd-3rd instars. Control of root worms by nematodes applied through the irrigation system was compared with control by hand-applied nematode preparations in the row and with terbufos and chlorpyrifos applied just after planting. Root injury ratings were highest in both years for plants from untreated control plots and were significantly lower in the terbufos treatments compared with all other treatments. In 1992, hand application of the All and Mexican strains resulted in significantly lower root injury than did application of the All strain through the irrigation system. Uniformity of nematode application through the irrigation system was characterized over time and distance using the Christiansen uniformity coefficient, which ranged from 68 to 87% within the zone of nematode application. Partitioning of water by the com canopy, particularly by stemflow, increased the concentration and total numbers of nematodes delivered to the target area at the base of the com plant. Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow water collected at the plant base were greater by ≈3.1 and 4.6 times than total numbers of nematodes collected at ground or canopy levels, respectively. Total volume of water reaching the soil by stem flow also was ≈3.9 times greater than the amounts applied above the canopy.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Root injury ratings were highest in both years in plants from untreated control plots.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
t1“Corn Root worm”
e1“Root injury ratings were highest in both years for plants from untreated control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root injury ratings were significantly lower with terbufos treatments than with all other treatments.
- Treatment
- terbufos treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Corn Root wormt1pest
- Outcome
- Root injury ratingse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
t1“Corn Root worm”
e1“Root injury ratings were highest in both years for plants from untreated control plots and were significantly lower in the terbufos treatments compared with all other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1992, hand application of the All and Mexican strains gave significantly lower root injury than application of the All strain through the irrigation system.
- Treatment
- hand application of the All and Mexican strainse1
- Interactor
- Corn Root wormt1pest
- Outcome
- root injurye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- In 1992e1
- Comparator
- application of the All strain through the irrigation systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
t1“Corn Root worm”
e1“In 1992, hand application of the All and Mexican strains resulted in significantly lower root injury than did application of the All strain through the irrigation system”
Claim · model-written summary
The Christiansen uniformity coefficient of nematode application through the irrigation system ranged from 68 to 87% within the zone of application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“Christiansen uniformity coefficient, which ranged from 68 to 87%”
Claim · model-written summary
Partitioning of water by the maize canopy, particularly by stemflow, increased the concentration and total numbers of nematodes delivered to the target area at the base of the plant.
- Outcome
- concentration and total numbers of nematodes delivered to the target areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- Partitioning of water by the com canopy, particularly by stemflowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“Partitioning of water by the com canopy, particularly by stemflow, increased the concentration and total numbers of nematodes delivered to the target area at the base of the com plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow water at the plant base were greater by about 3.1 times than at ground level.
- Outcome
- Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow watere1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- ≈3.1e1
- Comparator
- grounde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow water collected at the plant base were greater by ≈3.1 and 4.6 times than total numbers of nematodes collected at ground or canopy levels, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow water at the plant base were greater by about 4.6 times than at canopy level.
- Outcome
- Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow watere1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 4.6 timese1
- Comparator
- canopy levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“Total numbers of nematodes in stemflow water collected at the plant base were greater by ≈3.1 and 4.6 times than total numbers of nematodes collected at ground or canopy levels, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total volume of water reaching the soil by stemflow was about 3.9 times greater than the amount applied above the canopy.
- Outcome
- Total volume of water reaching the soil by stem flowe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- ≈3.9 timese1
- Comparator
- amounts applied above the canopye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“Total volume of water reaching the soil by stem flow also was ≈3.9 times greater than the amounts applied above the canopy”
The same questions in other papers
terbufos · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.