Abstract
In an attempt to evaluate the importance and possible Interrelationships of insect, fungus, and nematode injury to the deterioration of alfalfa roots under field conditions over a period of 5 years, an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigant were applied singly and in combinations to the soil prior to seeding. Root injury caused by larvae of the clover root curculio, Sitona hispidula (F.), was significantly reduced in the insecticide-treated plots. and there was more vascular decay in larval-injured roots than in roots free of insect injury. The nematicide did not significantly reduce populations of Pratylenchus negletus. Rensch (= P. minyus Sher. & Allen) so the possible relationships between nematode injury and vascular decay could not be determined. Winter injury of the crowns occurred 1 year and possibly afforded entry for vascular decay pathogens. The fungi most frequently isolated from roots were: Fusarium oxysporum Schl. sensu Snyd. and Han., a species of Pyrenochaeta, Phoma medicaginis Malbr. and Roum., and a sphaeropsidaceous fungus. F. oxysporum and the sphaeropsidaceous fungus were more frequently isolated from roots showing symptoms of vascular decay than from symptomless roots. All species were pathogenic on alfalfa seedlings. A study of the vertical distribution of larval injury showed that roots were most severely injured in the upper few inches of the root, but that injury did occur to a soil depth of 28 inches. In spite of the pressure of the biotic agents on the roots of alfalfa during this study, no significant plant mortality in untreated plots, no significant difference between treatments, and no significant difference in yields of forage occurred. It was concluded that alfalfa is an extremely hardy plant capable of withstanding the biotic agents that can cause mortality to alsike clovers under similar conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatment significantly reduced root injury caused by clover root curculio larvae
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- insecticidee1
- Interactor
- Sitona hispidula
_-_Clover_weevil_(9668741303).jpg?width=60)
Sitona hispiduluse2pest - Outcome
- Root injury caused by larvae of the clover root curculioe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Clover_weevil_(9668741303).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e1“an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigant were applied singly and in combinations to the soil prior to seeding”
e2“Root injury caused by larvae of the clover root curculio, Sitona hispidula (F.), was significantly reduced in the insecticide-treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval-injured alfalfa roots had more vascular decay than roots free of insect injury
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- larval-injured rootse3
- Outcome
- vascular decaye3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- roots free of insect injurye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e3“there was more vascular decay in larval-injured roots than in roots free of insect injury”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematicide did not significantly reduce populations of Pratylenchus negletus
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- nematicidee4
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus negletuse4pest
- Outcome
- populations of Pratylenchus negletuse4
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e4“The nematicide did not significantly reduce populations of Pratylenchus negletus”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium oxysporum and a sphaeropsidaceous fungus were more frequently isolated from roots with vascular decay symptoms than from symptomless roots
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume5pathogen - Second interactor
- sphaeropsidaceous funguse5pathogen
- Outcome
- isolatede5
- Direction
- more frequentlye5
- Comparator
- symptomless rootse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e5“F. oxysporum and the sphaeropsidaceous fungus were more frequently isolated from roots showing symptoms of vascular decay than from symptomless roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungi most frequently isolated from alfalfa roots were Fusarium oxysporum, a Pyrenochaeta species, Phoma medicaginis and a sphaeropsidaceous fungus
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume6pathogen
- Second interactor
- Phoma medicaginisAscochyta medicaginicolae6pathogen
- Outcome
- fungi most frequently isolated from rootse6
- Qualifier
- a species of Pyrenochaetae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e6“The fungi most frequently isolated from roots were: Fusarium oxysporum Schl. sensu Snyd. and Han., a species of Pyrenochaeta, Phoma medicaginis Malbr. and Roum., and a sphaeropsidaceous fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolated fungal species were pathogenic on alfalfa seedlings
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae7
- Outcome
- pathogenic on alfalfa seedlingse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e7“All species were pathogenic on alfalfa seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval injury of roots was most severe in the upper few inches of the root
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- upper few inches of the roote2
- Outcome
- larval injurye2
- Qualifier
- most severely injurede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e2“A study of the vertical distribution of larval injury showed that roots were most severely injured in the upper few inches of the root, but that injury did occur to a soil depth of 28 inches”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval injury extended to a soil depth of 28 inches
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- larval injurye2
- Value
- 28 inchese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e2“A study of the vertical distribution of larval injury showed that roots were most severely injured in the upper few inches of the root, but that injury did occur to a soil depth of 28 inches”
Claim · model-written summary
Biotic agent treatments produced no significant plant mortality in untreated plots
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigante1
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye3
- Direction
- no significante3
- Comparator
- untreated plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e1“an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigant were applied singly and in combinations to the soil prior to seeding”
e3“In spite of the pressure of the biotic agents on the roots of alfalfa during this study, no significant plant mortality in untreated plots, no significant difference between treatments, and no significant difference in yields of forage occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in forage yield was found between treatments
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigante1
- Outcome
- yields of foragee3
- Direction
- no significant differencee3
- Comparator
- between treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e1“an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigant were applied singly and in combinations to the soil prior to seeding”
e3“In spite of the pressure of the biotic agents on the roots of alfalfa during this study, no significant plant mortality in untreated plots, no significant difference between treatments, and no significant difference in yields of forage occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa is an extremely hardy plant, capable of withstanding the biotic agents that cause mortality in alsike clovers under similar conditions
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Outcome
- capable of withstanding the biotic agentse2
- Qualifier
- under similar conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e2“It was concluded that alfalfa is an extremely hardy plant capable of withstanding the biotic agents that can cause mortality to alsike clovers under similar conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter injury of the crowns occurred in alfalfa for one year
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Winter injury of the crownse2
- Value
- 1 yeare2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots”
e2“Winter injury of the crowns occurred 1 year”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
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- positive
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.