Abstract
AIMS: The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the Arachis hypogaea L. root oxidative burst, produced at early stages of its symbiotic interaction with Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144, and the bacterial antioxidant system are required for the successful development of this interaction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pharmacological approaches were used to reduce both plant oxidative burst and bacterial peroxidase enzyme activity. In plants whose H2 O2 levels were decreased, a low nodule number, a reduction in the proportion of red nodules (%) and an increase in the bacteroid density were found. The symbiotic phenotype of plants inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activity was also affected, since the biomass production, nodule number and percentage of red nodules in these plants were lower than in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control cultures. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time that the oxidative burst triggered at the early events of the symbiotic interaction in peanut, is a prerequisite for the efficient development of root nodules, and that the antioxidant system of bradyrhizobial peanut symbionts, particularly the activity of peroxidases, is counteracting this oxidative burst for the successful establishment of the symbiosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of the symbiotic interaction established in A. hypogaea L. a legume infected in an intercellular way.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased plant H2 O2 was associated with low nodule number.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- H2 O2 levels were decreasede0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.
Bradyrhizobiumt0symbiont - Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants whose H2 O2 levels were decreased, a low nodule number, a reduction in the proportion of red nodules (%) and an increase in the bacteroid density were found.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased plant H2 O2 reduced the proportion of red nodules.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- H2 O2 levels were decreasede0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- proportion of red nodules (%)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants whose H2 O2 levels were decreased, a low nodule number, a reduction in the proportion of red nodules (%) and an increase in the bacteroid density were found.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased plant H2 O2 increased bacteroid density.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- H2 O2 levels were decreasede0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacteroid densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants whose H2 O2 levels were decreased, a low nodule number, a reduction in the proportion of red nodules (%) and an increase in the bacteroid density were found.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with peroxidase-reduced Bradyrhizobium lowered plant biomass compared with control cultures.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activitye0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144e0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activity was also affected, since the biomass production, nodule number and percentage of red nodules in these plants were lower than in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control cultures.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with peroxidase-reduced Bradyrhizobium lowered nodule number compared with control cultures.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activitye0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activity was also affected, since the biomass production, nodule number and percentage of red nodules in these plants were lower than in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control cultures.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with peroxidase-reduced Bradyrhizobium lowered the percentage of red nodules compared with control cultures.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activitye0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144e0symbiont
- Outcome
- percentage of red nodulese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA 6144 culture showing decreased peroxidase activity was also affected, since the biomass production, nodule number and percentage of red nodules in these plants were lower than in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. control cultures.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea-Bradyrhizobium sp. symbiosis”
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