Abstract
Field investigations on epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV), semipersistent leafhopper-borne virus, and on outbreak of the viruliferous green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, were carried out by planting a diseased seedling as a inoculum in an experimental field at the time of rice transplanting. Viruliferous vectors appeared throughout rice growing period and, in general, viruliferous percentage of adults was slightly higher than that of nymphs. Percentage of viruliferous adult was at its highest in the 3rd generation in middle. August in plot A, transplanted on June 14, or the 4th generation in plot B, transplanted on June 21, as was 49.7% in plot A and 41.2% in plot B. Percentage of RWV infected hills reached more than 90% toward July 19 in plot A, 5 weeks after transplanting, or August 8 in plot B, 7 weeks after transplanting, although the infected hills increased gradually until July 4, when the nymphs firstly appeared in each plots. Consequently, it has been suggested that 2nd generation nymphs played an important role in the virus transmis-sion in field. The spreading of RWV infection in field was observed to be very progressive compared with the case of the rice dwarf disease, persistent leafhopper-borne virus, because the population density of RWV-viruliferous vector increased rapidly due to high transmissive efficiency of vector to the virus and existence of no apparent incubation period in the vector body. In spreading of RWV by vectors, 1st generation adults extended the infected hills in the range of 4 or 5 m, the maximum distnce was 8 m. Subsequently, 2nd generation nymphs transmitted to surrounding hills within 1 m from the affected hills.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The viruliferous percentage of adult Nephotettix cincticeps was slightly higher than that of nymphs.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- Nephotettix cincticeps
Nephotettix cincticepse1pest - Second interactor
- RWVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- viruliferous percentage of adultse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- nymphse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“viruliferous green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER”
e2“in general, viruliferous percentage of adults was slightly higher than that of nymphs”
Claim · model-written summary
Viruliferous adults reached 49.7% in plot A, at their highest in the 3rd generation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Nephotettix cincticepsNephotettix cincticepse2pest
- Outcome
- Percentage of viruliferous adulte1
- Value
- 49.7%e1
- Qualifier
- at its highest in the 3rd generatione1
- Setting
- plot Ae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“Percentage of viruliferous adult was at its highest in the 3rd generation in middle. August in plot A, transplanted on June 14, or the 4th generation in plot B, transplanted on June 21, as was 49.7% in plot A and 41.2% in plot B”
e2“viruliferous green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER”
Claim · model-written summary
Viruliferous adults reached 41.2% in plot B, in the 4th generation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Nephotettix cincticepsNephotettix cincticepse2pest
- Outcome
- Percentage of viruliferous adulte1
- Value
- 41.2%e1
- Qualifier
- the 4th generation in plot Be1
- Setting
- plot Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“Percentage of viruliferous adult was at its highest in the 3rd generation in middle. August in plot A, transplanted on June 14, or the 4th generation in plot B, transplanted on June 21, as was 49.7% in plot A and 41.2% in plot B”
e2“viruliferous green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER”
Claim · model-written summary
RWV-infected hills exceeded 90% in plot A on July 19, 5 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- RWVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Percentage of RWV infected hillse1
- Value
- more than 90%e1
- Qualifier
- 5 weeks after transplantinge1
- Setting
- plot Ae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“Percentage of RWV infected hills reached more than 90% toward July 19 in plot A, 5 weeks after transplanting, or August 8 in plot B, 7 weeks after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
RWV-infected hills exceeded 90% in plot B on August 8, 7 weeks after transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- RWVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Percentage of RWV infected hillse1
- Value
- more than 90%e1
- Qualifier
- 7 weeks after transplantinge1
- Setting
- plot Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“Percentage of RWV infected hills reached more than 90% toward July 19 in plot A, 5 weeks after transplanting, or August 8 in plot B, 7 weeks after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
The spread of RWV infection in field was very progressive, compared with rice dwarf disease, due to rapid vector population increase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- RWVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- spreading of RWV infection in fielde1
- Qualifier
- population density of RWV-viruliferous vector increased rapidly due to high transmissive efficiency of vector to the viruse2
- Comparator
- rice dwarf diseasee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“The spreading of RWV infection in field was observed to be very progressive compared with the case of the rice dwarf disease”
e2“because the population density of RWV-viruliferous vector increased rapidly due to high transmissive efficiency of vector to the virus and existence of no apparent incubation period in the vector body”
Claim · model-written summary
First-generation adults extended infected hills over 4 or 5 m, with a maximum distance of 8 m.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- RWVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- infected hillse1
- Value
- 4 or 5 me1
- Qualifier
- the maximum distnce was 8 me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“In spreading of RWV by vectors, 1st generation adults extended the infected hills in the range of 4 or 5 m, the maximum distnce was 8 m”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-generation nymphs transmitted the virus to surrounding hills within 1 m of affected hills.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- transmitted to surrounding hillse1
- Value
- within 1 me1
- Qualifier
- from the affected hillse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“Subsequently, 2nd generation nymphs transmitted to surrounding hills within 1 m from the affected hills”
Claim · model-written summary
It is suggested that second-generation nymphs played an important role in virus transmission in the field.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- virus transmis-sion in fielde1
- Qualifier
- 2nd generation nymphse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemic of the rice waika virus disease (RWV)”
e1“it has been suggested that 2nd generation nymphs played an important role in the virus transmis-sion in field”
Claim · model-written summary
Viruliferous vectors appeared throughout the rice growing period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Viruliferous vectorse1
- Qualifier
- throughout rice growing periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Viruliferous vectors appeared throughout rice growing period”