Abstract
Bombus vagans workers were observed collecting nectar from two populations of Impatiens capensis. Approximately one half of the flowers in one population had their standing crops of nectar removed in a manner simulating nectar-robbing by bumblebees. The other population served as a control. Bombus vagans employed arearestricted searching behavior in both populations. The increased frequency of longdistance bee flights associated with the abundant low-quality reward blossoms in the nectar-robbed patch served to increase neighborhood size relative to the control area. Pollen was transported greater distances because of nectar thievery, thus making it more likely that the main purpose (i. e., genetic variability via outbreeding) of the chasmogamous flowers of I. capensis was achieved. Because seed set was statistically indistinguishable for robbed and unrobbed blossoms, nectar-robbing may thus actually enhance female fitness in L capensis.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar-robbing increased the distance pollen was transported relative to the control population.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensis
Impatiens capensist0 - Treatment
- nectar-robbinge1
- Interactor
- Bombus vagans
Bombus vaganse0pollinator - Outcome
- Pollen was transported greater distancese4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- other populatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e0“Bombus vagans workers were observed collecting nectar from two populations of Impatiens capensis”
e1“Approximately one half of the flowers in one population had their standing crops of nectar removed in a manner simulating nectar-robbing by bumblebees”
e2“The other population served as a control”
e4“Pollen was transported greater distances because of nectar thievery”
Claim · model-written summary
Bumblebees made more long-distance flights in the nectar-robbed patch than in the control area.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensisImpatiens capensist0
- Treatment
- nectar-robbed patche3
- Interactor
- Bombus vagansBombus vaganse0pollinator
- Outcome
- frequency of longdistance bee flightse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- control areae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e0“Bombus vagans workers were observed collecting nectar from two populations of Impatiens capensis”
e3“The increased frequency of longdistance bee flights associated with the abundant low-quality reward blossoms in the nectar-robbed patch served to increase neighborhood size relative to the control area”
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar-robbing increased bumblebee neighborhood size relative to the control area.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensisImpatiens capensist0
- Treatment
- nectar-robbed patche3
- Interactor
- Bombus vagansBombus vaganse0pollinator
- Outcome
- neighborhood sizee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- control areae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e0“Bombus vagans workers were observed collecting nectar from two populations of Impatiens capensis”
e3“The increased frequency of longdistance bee flights associated with the abundant low-quality reward blossoms in the nectar-robbed patch served to increase neighborhood size relative to the control area”
Claim · model-written summary
Bombus vagans showed area-restricted searching behavior in both populations.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensisImpatiens capensist0
- Interactor
- Bombus vagansBombus vaganse5pollinator
- Outcome
- arearestricted searching behaviore5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e5“Bombus vagans employed arearestricted searching behavior in both populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set did not differ between robbed and unrobbed blossoms.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensisImpatiens capensist0
- Treatment
- robbede6
- Outcome
- seed sete6
- Direction
- statistically indistinguishablee6
- Comparator
- unrobbed blossomse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e6“Because seed set was statistically indistinguishable for robbed and unrobbed blossoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar-robbing may enhance female fitness in Impatiens capensis.
- Taxon
- Impatiens capensisImpatiens capensist0
- Treatment
- nectar-robbinge7
- Outcome
- female fitnesse7
- Direction
- enhancee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impatiens capensis”
e7“nectar-robbing may thus actually enhance female fitness in L capensis”