Abstract
Preemergent and postemergent herbicides were evaluated in the Mediterranean climate of the southern San Joaquin Valley and the desert climate of the Imperial Valley from 1998 through 2000. Sixteen herbicide treatments were applied both as preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applications to carrot ( Daucus carota L.). Carrot was generally more tolerant to PRE herbicide applications than to POST applications. Carrot was tolerant to PRE and POST imazamox and triflusulfuron at both locations. Carrot root losses due to herbicide were consistent with visual ratings. Treatments that injured carrot tops early in the growing season did not always reduce yield at the end of the season. PRE applications of imazamox and triflusulfuron did not affect carrot tops or the number or weight of marketable carrots. Carrots grown in the Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valley were tolerant to PRE applications of carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, and imazamox. Results were similar for POST applications, although carfentrazone slightly injured carrot roots. PRE application of herbicides increased forked roots more than POST. Chemical names used: α, 2-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 H -1, 2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorobenzenepropanoic acid (carfentrazone); N -[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]me thanesulfonamide (sulfentrazone); N -(2 carbomethoxy-6-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro (1,2,4) triazolo-[1, 5-c] pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide (cloransulam-methyl); 2-chloro- N -[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]- N -(2,4-dimethyl-thein-3-yl)-acetamide (dimethenamid); (2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1 H -imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) (imazamox); 3-chloro-5-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]-1-methyl-1 H -pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (halosulfuron); N -[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-3-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinesulfonamide (rimsulfuron); (methyl 2[[[[[4-(dimethylamino)-6-[2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]-3-methylbenzoate) (triflusulfuron).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot was generally more tolerant of preemergent than postemergent herbicides.
- Taxon
- Carrot
Daucus carotae0 - Treatment
- PRE herbicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- POST applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrot was generally more tolerant to PRE herbicide applications than to POST applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot tolerated both application timings of imazamox.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- PRE and POST imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrot was tolerant to PRE and POST imazamox and triflusulfuron at both locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot tolerated both application timings of triflusulfuron.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- triflusulfurone0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrot was tolerant to PRE and POST imazamox and triflusulfuron at both locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide root losses agreed with visual injury ratings.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- root losses due to herbicidee0
- Comparator
- visual ratingse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrot root losses due to herbicide were consistent with visual ratings”
Claim · model-written summary
Early top injury did not always reduce end of season yield.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Treatments that injured carrot topse0
- Outcome
- yield at the end of the seasone0
- Direction
- did not always reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments that injured carrot tops early in the growing season did not always reduce yield at the end of the season”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergent imazamox did not affect carrot tops or marketable carrot number and weight.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- PRE applications of imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- carrot tops or the number or weight of marketable carrotse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE applications of imazamox and triflusulfuron did not affect carrot tops or the number or weight of marketable carrots”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergent triflusulfuron did not affect carrot tops or marketable carrot number and weight.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- triflusulfurone0
- Outcome
- carrot tops or the number or weight of marketable carrotse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE applications of imazamox and triflusulfuron did not affect carrot tops or the number or weight of marketable carrots”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrots in both valleys tolerated preemergent carfentrazone.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Setting
- Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrots grown in the Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valley were tolerant to PRE applications of carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, and imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrots in both valleys tolerated preemergent sulfentrazone.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- sulfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Setting
- Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrots grown in the Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valley were tolerant to PRE applications of carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, and imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrots in both valleys tolerated preemergent imazamox.
- Taxon
- CarrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Setting
- Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrots grown in the Imperial Valley and in the San Joaquin Valley were tolerant to PRE applications of carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, and imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergent results were similar to preemergent results.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- POST applicationse0
- Outcome
- Results were similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results were similar for POST applications”
t0“Carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergent carfentrazone slightly injured carrot roots.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- carrot rootse0
- Direction
- slightly injurede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carfentrazone slightly injured carrot roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergent herbicides increased forked roots more than postemergent treatments.
- Taxon
- CarrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- PRE application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- forked rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- POSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE application of herbicides increased forked roots more than POST”
t0“Carrot”