Abstract
Numerous beneficial arthropods prey on aphid populations in cotton fields. Field experiments were conducted at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt in seasons of 2010 and 2011 to examine the impact of naturally occurring insect predators on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) comparing to the impact of three insecticides; i.e., diafenthiuron, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam at their recommended rates using caged-plants technique. The toxicity of these insecticides to insect predators was determined likewise. Cotton aphid population on uncaged plants, where insect predators and aphids were allowed to develop undisturbed, declined gradually and consequently showed the lowest population density of aphids per cotton leaf at the last inspection. On the contrary, severe decrease in cotton aphid numbers occurred on caged plants that treated with insecticides and this decrease continued up to 15 days after spray, then increases in aphid numbers happened and significantly indicated the highest aphid population density at the last inspection. Density of aphid populations increased rapidly on caged-untreated plants, where insect predators were excluded and no insecticides were applied and declined only after exceeding the carrying capacity of cotton plants. Diafenthiuron was the most toxic to the insect predators. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam significantly proved to be the least toxic to insect predators. Further studies are needed to establish the integration effect between selective insecticides and beneficial arthropods to control cotton aphids and other pests.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids on uncaged cotton plants declined gradually and reached the lowest density at final inspection.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- uncaged plantse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Second interactor
- insect predatorse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population density of aphids per cotton leafe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton aphid population on uncaged plants, where insect predators and aphids were allowed to develop undisturbed, declined gradually and consequently showed the lowest population density of aphids per cotton leaf at the last inspection.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-treated caged plants had a severe aphid decline for 15 days, followed by an increase and the highest density at final inspection.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- cotton aphid
Aphis gossypiie0pest - Outcome
- cotton aphid numberse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- up to 15 days after spray, then increases in aphid numbers happenede0
- Comparator
- caged-untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“severe decrease in cotton aphid numbers occurred on caged plants that treated with insecticides and this decrease continued up to 15 days after spray, then increases in aphid numbers happened and significantly indicated the highest aphid population density at the last inspection.”
t0“cotton”
e1“Density of aphid populations increased rapidly on caged-untreated plants, where insect predators were excluded and no insecticides were applied and declined only after exceeding the carrying capacity of cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids on predator-excluding untreated caged plants increased rapidly until carrying capacity was exceeded.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- caged-untreated plantse0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Second interactor
- insect predatorse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Density of aphid populationse0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density of aphid populations increased rapidly on caged-untreated plants, where insect predators were excluded and no insecticides were applied and declined only after exceeding the carrying capacity of cotton plants.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Diafenthiuron was the most toxic insecticide to insect predators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Diafenthiurone0
- Interactor
- insect predatorse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxic to the insect predatorse0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diafenthiuron was the most toxic to the insect predators.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were significantly least toxic to insect predators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Imidacloprid and thiamethoxame0
- Interactor
- insect predatorse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxic to insect predatorse0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam significantly proved to be the least toxic to insect predators.”
t0“cotton”