Abstract
In a 4-yr study, granular soil insecticides were applied at planting time to plots of maize, Zea mays L., infested with population densities of eggs of western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to determine how insecticides affected survival and development of immatures and female fecundity. Survival to adulthood differed among plots treated with different insecticides as well as among years of the study. Survival was generally highest in plots treated with insecticides that were the least water soluble (chlorpyrifos and fonofos) and lowest in plots treated with compounds that were the most water soluble (carbofuran and ethoprop). Survival was highest in years when precipitation and topsoil moisture were below normal during egg hatch and larval development and lowest when these conditions were above normal. Carbofuran, ethoprop, and chlorpyrifos delayed the mean emergence date in 1981. Only carbofuran delayed emergence in 1982, and none of the insecticides affected emergence in 1985. Mean percentage of survivors that were female differed each year (range, 23.2-45.3%). Egg density did not affect sex ratio. As reflected in the significant-year-by-insecticide interaction, some insecticides were inconsistent in their effect on sex ratios. In 1981, fecundity of survivors from plots treated with carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and isofenphos was significantly greater than that of survivors from plots treated with phorate, fonofos, and ethoprop or that were left untreated. Insecticides did not affect timing of oviposition, which began 2 wk after emergence and peaked when beetles were 4 wk old.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rootworm survival to adulthood differed among insecticide treatments and years.
- Interactor
- western corn rootworms
Diabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest - Outcome
- Survival to adulthoode0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival to adulthood differed among plots treated with different insecticides as well as among years of the study.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootworm survival was generally highest with chlorpyrifos and fonofos.
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos and fonofose0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- carbofuran and ethoprope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival was generally highest in plots treated with insecticides that were the least water soluble (chlorpyrifos and fonofos) and lowest in plots treated with compounds that were the most water soluble (carbofuran and ethoprop).”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootworm survival was lowest with carbofuran and ethoprop.
- Treatment
- carbofuran and ethoprope0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos and fonofose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival was generally highest in plots treated with insecticides that were the least water soluble (chlorpyrifos and fonofos) and lowest in plots treated with compounds that were the most water soluble (carbofuran and ethoprop).”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootworm survival was highest in years with below-normal precipitation and topsoil moisture and lowest when these were above normal.
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- precipitation and topsoil moisture were below normal during egg hatch and larval developmente0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival was highest in years when precipitation and topsoil moisture were below normal during egg hatch and larval development and lowest when these conditions were above normal.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran, ethoprop and chlorpyrifos delayed rootworm emergence in 1981.
- Treatment
- Carbofuran, ethoprop, and chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- mean emergence datee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 1981e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbofuran, ethoprop, and chlorpyrifos delayed the mean emergence date in 1981.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Only carbofuran delayed rootworm emergence in 1982.
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 1982e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only carbofuran delayed emergence in 1982”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticides did not affect rootworm emergence in 1985.
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- none of the insecticides affectede0
- Qualifier
- 1985e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the insecticides affected emergence in 1985”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
The female percentage of surviving rootworms varied annually from 23.2 to 45.3%.
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- Mean percentage of survivors that were femalee0
- Direction
- differede0
- Value
- 23.2-45.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean percentage of survivors that were female differed each year (range, 23.2-45.3%).”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg density did not affect rootworm sex ratio.
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- sex ratioe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- Egg densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Egg density did not affect sex ratio.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide effects on rootworm sex ratios varied across years.
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- sex ratiose0
- Qualifier
- some insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some insecticides were inconsistent in their effect on sex ratios.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981 rootworm fecundity was greater after carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, terbufos and isofenphos than after phorate, fonofos, ethoprop or no treatment.
- Treatment
- carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and isofenphose0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- fecundity of survivorse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 1981e0
- Comparator
- phorate, fonofos, and ethoprop or that were left untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1981, fecundity of survivors from plots treated with carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and isofenphos was significantly greater than that of survivors from plots treated with phorate, fonofos, and ethoprop or that were left untreated.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticides did not affect rootworm oviposition timing.
- Treatment
- Insecticidese0
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- timing of ovipositione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticides did not affect timing of oviposition, which began 2 wk after emergence and peaked when beetles were 4 wk old.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootworm oviposition began two weeks after emergence and peaked at beetle age four weeks.
- Interactor
- western corn rootwormsDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest
- Outcome
- ovipositione0
- Value
- 2 wk after emergencee0
- Qualifier
- beetles were 4 wk olde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oviposition, which began 2 wk after emergence and peaked when beetles were 4 wk old.”
t0“plots of maize, Zea mays L.”
e1“western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · Diabrotica virgifera virgifera · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
insecticide · Diabrotica virgifera virgifera · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.