Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat, which is highly variable at several spatial and temporal scales. Different statistical approaches were used to either quantify or partially explain this heterogeneity. First, a generalized linear mixed model was fitted to hierarchical survey data for the incidence of FHB in Ohio. Estimated variance terms indicated large and significant spatial heterogeneity among counties and among fields within counties, with substantially lower variation among sites within fields. Second, window-pane analysis was used to investigate the effects of environment on the inter-annual variation in FHB in four United States (US) states and the spatio-temporal variation across three European countries. Moisture- or wetness-related variables (e.g., average daily relative humidity) were positively associated with FHB intensity for multiple window lengths and starting times, especially for the last 2 months of the growing season. Third, cross-spectral analysis was used to determine whether there was coherency between variation in FHB in Ohio and global climatic patterns. There were significant coherencies at one or more inter-annual time scales (i.e., periods), with peaks in FHB following lows in the climate index (a reflection of a La Niña event) by about 1 year. Accepted for publication 27 April 2012. Published 23 July 2012.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium head blight incidence in wheat shows large and significant spatial heterogeneity among counties and among fields within counties.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- spatial heterogeneity among counties and among fields within countiese2
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat”
e2“Estimated variance terms indicated large and significant spatial heterogeneity among counties and among fields within counties”
Claim · model-written summary
Variation among sites within fields in Fusarium head blight incidence is substantially lower than among counties and fields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- variation among sites within fieldse3
- Direction
- substantially lowere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat”
e3“with substantially lower variation among sites within fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture- or wetness-related variables were positively associated with Fusarium head blight intensity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Moisture- or wetness-related variablese4
- Outcome
- FHB intensitye4
- Direction
- positively associatede4
- Qualifier
- for multiple window lengths and starting times, especially for the last 2 months of the growing seasone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat”
e4“Moisture- or wetness-related variables (e.g., average daily relative humidity) were positively associated with FHB intensity for multiple window lengths and starting times, especially for the last 2 months of the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Peaks in Fusarium head blight in wheat followed lows in the climate index by about 1 year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- lows in the climate indexe5
- Outcome
- peaks in FHBe5
- Qualifier
- by about 1 yeare5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat”
e5“with peaks in FHB following lows in the climate index (a reflection of a La Niña event) by about 1 year”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium head blight variation in Ohio shows significant coherencies with global climatic patterns at one or more inter-annual time scales.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- global climatic patternse7
- Outcome
- coherencies at one or more inter-annual time scalese6
- Setting
- Ohioe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat”
e6“There were significant coherencies at one or more inter-annual time scales (i.e., periods)”
e7“coherency between variation in FHB in Ohio and global climatic patterns”