Abstract
Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie) by applying a suspension of eggs in a 0.2% agar solution to the top surface of randomly located leaves. The degree of infestation depended largely upon the number of eggs applied. Fruit damage due to natural H. zea populations ranged from 6 to 10% and that due to the natural populations plus the maximal numbers of eggs tested, 3000–3200 eggs/plant, ranged from 51 to 54%. There was a curvilinear relationship between number of eggs and degree of fruit damage; damage increased as egg dosage increased but at a decreasing rate. Application of eggs was most effective ca. 1 mo before 1st harvest. Multiple or repeated applications were no more efficient than a single application of an equivalent number of eggs. Practical aspects of the choice of an appropriate damage rating criterion are discussed. The method seems satisfactory for use in screening tomatoes for resistance to H. zea.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Infestation depended strongly on the number of eggs applied.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- number of eggs appliede0
- Interactor
- Heliothis zea (Boddie)
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae1pest - Outcome
- degree of infestatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The degree of infestation depended largely upon the number of eggs applied.”
e1“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural fruitworm populations caused 6 to 10% fruit damage.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Fruit damagee0
- Value
- 6 to 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit damage due to natural H. zea populations ranged from 6 to 10%”
e1“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the maximum tested egg dose raised fruit damage to 51 to 54%.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 3000–3200 eggs/plante0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae1pest
- Outcome
- Fruit damagee1
- Value
- 51 to 54%e0
- Comparator
- natural H. zea populationse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“natural populations plus the maximal numbers of eggs tested, 3000–3200 eggs/plant, ranged from 51 to 54%”
e1“Fruit damage due to natural H. zea populations ranged from 6 to 10%”
e2“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit damage increased with egg dosage at a decreasing rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- egg dosagee0
- Interactor
- Heliothis zea (Boddie)Helicoverpa zeae2pest
- Outcome
- fruit damagee1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at a decreasing ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damage increased as egg dosage increased but at a decreasing rate.”
e1“fruit damage”
e2“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg application was most effective about one month before first harvest.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of eggse0
- Interactor
- Heliothis zea (Boddie)Helicoverpa zeae1pest
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- ca. 1 mo before 1st harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of eggs was most effective ca. 1 mo before 1st harvest.”
e1“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated egg applications were no more efficient than one application of the same total egg number.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Multiple or repeated applicationse0
- Interactor
- Heliothis zea (Boddie)Helicoverpa zeae1pest
- Outcome
- no more efficiente0
- Direction
- no more efficiente0
- Comparator
- a single application of an equivalent number of eggse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multiple or repeated applications were no more efficient than a single application of an equivalent number of eggs.”
e1“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”
Claim · model-written summary
The egg application method appears suitable for screening tomato resistance to H. zea.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- satisfactory for use in screening tomatoes for resistance to H. zeae0
- Value
- satisfactorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The method seems satisfactory for use in screening tomatoes for resistance to H. zea.”
e1“Field-grown tomatoes were artificially infested with Heliothis zea (Boddie)”