Abstract
The kinetics of phosphate reaction in soil were simulated by means of the computer language IBM S/360 continuous systems modeling program (CSMP). The model includes parameters of intensity, capacity, and buffer capacity. Predicted changes in solution phosphate concentration following addition of various levels of calcium phosphate agreed with experimentally determined changes. A separate model segment simulating uptake by plants was interfaced with the CSMP soil model. This segment uses standard numerical integration techniques, prepared in Fortran. It takes into account the convection and diffusion of phosphate to the root, the extension rate and radius of roots, length of root hairs, effect of solution phosphate concentration and root age on absorption, variation in slope of the sorption isotherm with phosphate concentration, and diurnal variation in transpiration rate. Simulations have been run with several parameters varied over their natural range as observed in experiments with clover or recorded in the literature. The output of these simulations indicates that root extension, the soil’s diffusion coefficient, and slope of the sorption isotherm have most influence, and that root hair length has less influence and root radius little. Convection contributed negligibly to computed uptake, but direct absorption from the root hair cylinder can be significant. The most important assumptions which bear on the use of the model in its current state appear to be: i) that within the root-hair cylinder neither diffusion nor desorption rates are limiting.ii) that uptake constants for the individual root segment decline as the segment ages in a characteristic manner (about which little is known). iii) that except by removing phosphate, the root does not significantly alter soil properties in the rhizosphere (including moisture content), so that diffusion coefficients and buffer capacities measured in bulk soil samples are applicable. iv) that the contribution of mycorrhizal associations to uptake is not important.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The simulated changes in solution phosphate concentration after calcium phosphate additions agreed with the experimentally determined changes.
- Treatment
- addition of various levels of calcium phosphatee0
- Outcome
- solution phosphate concentratione0
- Comparator
- experimentally determined changese0
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e0“Predicted changes in solution phosphate concentration following addition of various levels of calcium phosphate agreed with experimentally determined changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extension, the soil diffusion coefficient and the slope of the sorption isotherm had the most influence on simulated uptake.
- Treatment
- root extension, the soil’s diffusion coefficient, and slope of the sorption isotherme1
- Outcome
- influencee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e1“root extension, the soil’s diffusion coefficient, and slope of the sorption isotherm have most influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hair length had less influence on simulated uptake than the main parameters.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e2“root hair length has less influence and root radius little”
Claim · model-written summary
Root radius had little influence on simulated uptake.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e2“root hair length has less influence and root radius little”
Claim · model-written summary
Convection contributed negligibly to the computed phosphate uptake.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e3“Convection contributed negligibly to computed uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct absorption from the root hair cylinder can be significant for uptake.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“experiments with clover”
e4“direct absorption from the root hair cylinder can be significant”