Abstract
This study assessed the effects of exploitations in natural forest ecosystem on tree species diversity and environmental conservation. This was achieved by comparing tree species diversity and yield in an unlogged forest (inviolate/strict nature reserve) and part of the forest reserve where active logging is in progress. Both forest types are located in Akure Forest reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. Eight plots (20 20m) were located in each site using systematic sampling technique. All living trees with dbh > 10cm were identified in each plot and categorized into families. Ddiameter at breast height was measured from each of the trees in each plot. This was used to compute basal area and volume. Relative frequency, relative density and habitat occupancy were obtained and compared. Shannon-Weiner and species evenness indices were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. The result shows that the tropical humid forest is very rich in tree species diversity as a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 24 families were encountered in both forest types. There are 46 species distributed among 21 families in the inviolate forest while 24 species in 14 families were in the logged forest. Higher values of Shannon-Weiner (3.16 and 3.03 for inviolate and logged respectively) and evenness index (0.83 and 0.81) are also obtained for the inviolate and logged forest respectively. The stand density in the inviolate is 555 stems/ha and that of the logged forest is 132 stems/ha. A mean dbh of 39.35 cm and 14.24 cm, basal area of 10.34 m 2 /ha and 2.14 m 2 /ha and volume of 1235.04 m 3 and 14.81 m 3 were obtained for the inviolate and logged forests respectively. In the inviolate forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence is Mansonia altissima (80stems/ha) and Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families have the highest number of species (6). In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon (18 stems/ha) has the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4). There are significant differences in all the variables estimated (P < 0.5) with result from the inviolate forest having the highest value. The study concluded that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The two forest types contained 54 hardwood species from 24 families.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 24 families were encountered in both forest types.”
Claim · model-written summary
The inviolate forest contained 46 species across 21 families.
Verbatim
e0“There are 46 species distributed among 21 families in the inviolate forest while 24 species in 14 families were in the logged forest.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
The logged forest contained 24 species across 14 families.
Verbatim
e0“There are 46 species distributed among 21 families in the inviolate forest while 24 species in 14 families were in the logged forest.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Shannon-Weiner diversity was higher in the inviolate forest, at 3.16 versus 3.03.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of Shannon-Weiner (3.16 and 3.03 for inviolate and logged respectively) and evenness index (0.83 and 0.81) are also obtained for the inviolate and logged forest respectively.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Species evenness was higher in the inviolate forest, at 0.83 versus 0.81.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of Shannon-Weiner (3.16 and 3.03 for inviolate and logged respectively) and evenness index (0.83 and 0.81) are also obtained for the inviolate and logged forest respectively.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Stand density was 555 stems/ha in inviolate forest and 132 stems/ha in logged forest.
- Taxon
- tree speciest0
- Outcome
- stand densitye0
- Value
- 555 stems/hae0
- Qualifier
- 132 stems/hae0
- Comparator
- logged foreste0
- Setting
- inviolatee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The stand density in the inviolate is 555 stems/ha and that of the logged forest is 132 stems/ha.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean dbh was 39.35 cm in inviolate forest versus 14.24 cm in logged forest.
- Taxon
- tree speciest0
- Outcome
- mean dbhe0
- Value
- 39.35 cme0
- Qualifier
- 14.24 cme0
- Comparator
- logged forestse0
- Setting
- inviolatee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A mean dbh of 39.35 cm and 14.24 cm, basal area of 10.34 m 2 /ha and 2.14 m 2 /ha and volume of 1235.04 m 3 and 14.81 m 3 were obtained for the inviolate and logged forests respectively.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal area was 10.34 m 2 /ha in inviolate forest versus 2.14 m 2 /ha in logged forest.
- Taxon
- tree speciest0
- Outcome
- basal areae0
- Value
- 10.34 m 2 /hae0
- Qualifier
- 2.14 m 2 /hae0
- Comparator
- logged forestse0
- Setting
- inviolatee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A mean dbh of 39.35 cm and 14.24 cm, basal area of 10.34 m 2 /ha and 2.14 m 2 /ha and volume of 1235.04 m 3 and 14.81 m 3 were obtained for the inviolate and logged forests respectively.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Volume was 1235.04 m 3 in inviolate forest versus 14.81 m 3 in logged forest.
- Taxon
- tree speciest0
- Outcome
- volumee0
- Value
- 1235.04 m 3e0
- Qualifier
- 14.81 m 3e0
- Comparator
- logged forestse0
- Setting
- inviolatee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A mean dbh of 39.35 cm and 14.24 cm, basal area of 10.34 m 2 /ha and 2.14 m 2 /ha and volume of 1235.04 m 3 and 14.81 m 3 were obtained for the inviolate and logged forests respectively.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Mansonia altissima had the highest occurrence in inviolate forest, at 80stems/ha.
- Taxon
- Mansonia altissima
Mansonia altissimae0 - Outcome
- highest number of occurrencee0
- Value
- 80stems/hae0
- Setting
- inviolate foreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the inviolate forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence is Mansonia altissima (80stems/ha) and Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families have the highest number of species (6).”
Claim · model-written summary
Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae had the highest number of species in inviolate forest, six each.
Verbatim
e0“In the inviolate forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence is Mansonia altissima (80stems/ha) and Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families have the highest number of species (6).”
Claim · model-written summary
Triplochiton scleroxylon had the highest frequency in logged forest, at 18 stems/ha.
- Taxon
- Triplochiton scleroxylon
Triplochiton scleroxylone0 - Outcome
- highest frequencye0
- Value
- 18 stems/hae0
- Setting
- logged foreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon (18 stems/ha) has the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4).”
Claim · model-written summary
Caesalpinoidae had the highest number of species in logged forest, four.
Verbatim
e0“In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon (18 stems/ha) has the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4).”
Claim · model-written summary
All estimated variables were reported significantly higher in inviolate forest.
Verbatim
e0“There are significant differences in all the variables estimated (P < 0.5) with result from the inviolate forest having the highest value.”
t0“TREE SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded exploitation affected species diversity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded exploitation subsequently affected the conservation roles of trees.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected.”