Abstract
Abstract The resurgence of wheat stripe rust is of great concern for world food security. Owing to resistance breakdown and the appearance of new virulent high-temperature adapted races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), many high yielding commercial varieties in the country lost their yield potential. Searching for new sources of resistance is the best approach to mitigate the problem. Quantitative resistance (partial or adult plant) or durable resistance is reported to be more stable than race specific resistance. In the current perusal, a repertoire of 57 promising wheat lines along with the KLcheck line Morocco, developed through hybridisation and selection of local and international lines with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) origin, were evaluated under natural field conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) during the 2012−2013 and 2013−2014 time periods. Final rust severity (FRS), the area under the rust progress curve (AURPC), the relative area under the rust progress curve (rAURPC), and the coefficient of infection (CI) were unraveled to infer the level of quantitative resistance. Final rust severity was recorded when the susceptible check exhibited 100% severity. There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response. Nevertheless, 51 lines exhibited a high level of partial resistance while the three lines, NW-5-1212-1, NW-7-30-1, and NW-7-5 all showed a moderate level of partial resistance based on FRS, while 54 lines, on the basis of AURPC and rAURPC, were identified as conferring a high level of partial resistance. Moreover, adult plant resistance was conferred by 47 wheat lines, based on CI value. It was striking that, 13 immune lines among 21 were derived from parents of CIMMYT origin. Cluster analysis was executed to determine the diversity among the wheat genotypes based on stripe rust resistance and yield parameters. All genotypes were grouped into nine clusters exhibiting a high level of diversity at a 25% linkage distance. There were 29 wheat lines resistant to stripe rust that were grouped into the first three clusters, while 4 high-yielding lines were in Cluster VIII. The susceptible check, Morocco, was separated from rest of lines and fell in the last cluster i.e. Cluster IX. Based on the results, inter-crossing immune/ resistant lines is recommended, and with high yielding lines − it is also recommended that cultivars with improved disease resistance and yield potential be developed.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-one wheat lines were immune to stripe rust.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- immune (no disease)e0
- Value
- 21 linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen wheat lines were resistant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- resistante0
- Value
- 16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Five lines were moderately resistant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- moderately resistante0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two lines were resistant to moderately resistant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- resistant-to-moderately resistante0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One line was moderately resistant to moderately susceptible.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptiblee0
- Value
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Five lines were moderately susceptible to susceptible.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- moderately susceptible-to-susceptiblee0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One line was moderately susceptible.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- moderately susceptiblee0
- Value
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Six lines were susceptible.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- susceptible responsee0
- Value
- sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six exhibited a susceptible response.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty-one lines showed high partial resistance by final rust severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high level of partial resistancee0
- Value
- 51 linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“51 lines exhibited a high level of partial resistance”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Three named lines had moderate partial resistance by final rust severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- NW-5-1212-1, NW-7-30-1, and NW-7-5e0
- Outcome
- moderate level of partial resistancee0
- Value
- three linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three lines, NW-5-1212-1, NW-7-30-1, and NW-7-5 all showed a moderate level of partial resistance based on FRS”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
AURPC and rAURPC identified 54 lines with high partial resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high level of partial resistancee0
- Value
- 54 linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“54 lines, on the basis of AURPC and rAURPC, were identified as conferring a high level of partial resistance.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CI showed adult plant resistance in 47 lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- adult plant resistancee0
- Value
- 47 wheat linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adult plant resistance was conferred by 47 wheat lines, based on CI value.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen of 21 immune lines came from CIMMYT parents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- immune linese0
- Value
- 13 immune linese0
- Qualifier
- parents of CIMMYT origine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13 immune lines among 21 were derived from parents of CIMMYT origin.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat genotypes formed nine diverse clusters at 25% linkage distance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nine clusterse0
- Value
- 25% linkage distancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All genotypes were grouped into nine clusters exhibiting a high level of diversity at a 25% linkage distance.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The first three clusters contained 29 resistant wheat lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- resistant to stripe ruste0
- Value
- 29 wheat linese0
- Qualifier
- first three clusterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were 29 wheat lines resistant to stripe rust that were grouped into the first three clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster VIII contained four high yielding lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high-yielding linese0
- Value
- 4e0
- Qualifier
- Cluster VIIIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4 high-yielding lines were in Cluster VIII.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The susceptible check Morocco separated into cluster IX.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Moroccoe0
- Outcome
- Cluster IXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The susceptible check, Morocco, was separated from rest of lines and fell in the last cluster i.e. Cluster IX.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend intercrossing immune or resistant lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- inter-crossing immune/ resistant linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inter-crossing immune/ resistant lines is recommended”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend developing cultivars with improved resistance and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- cultivars with improved disease resistance and yield potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is also recommended that cultivars with improved disease resistance and yield potential be developed.”
t0“wheat”