Abstract
ABSTRACT Nitrogen enhances annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) growth on the infertile Coastal Plain soils in the southeastern United States but N can be antagonistic to clovers. Nitrogen rate and time of application were evaluated on an arrowleaf clover ( Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.)–annual ryegrass mixture growing on a Coastal Plain soil for 3 yr in northeast Texas. Fertilizer treatments were 0, 34, 67, or 101 kg N ha −1 at planting or first true clover leaf (FCL) stage followed by 0 or 67 kg N ha −1 in December and March. Planting, FCL, and December N applications enhanced ryegrass production but had little effect on arrowleaf clover production by mid March. The general trend was for clover percentage and yield to decrease and ryegrass yield to increase as the total amount of N fertilizer applied increased. The no‐N treatment always had the greatest percentage clover usually followed by single N application treatments with clover percentages greater than 50%. Average annual yield of ryegrass alone without N was 1139 kg ha −1 compared to 4038 kg ha −1 with 201 kg N ha −1 Applying 67 kg N ha −1 at FCL and in December and March was always one of the most productive N treatments. Applying 67 kg N ha −1 only twice at FCL and in December was the best compromise for maintaining a high clover percentage and clover–ryegrass yield and was always equal to ryegrass alone with three applications of 67 kg N ha −1
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early nitrogen applications enhanced ryegrass production.
- Taxon
- Annual Ryegrasst0
- Treatment
- Planting, FCL, and December N applicationse0
- Outcome
- ryegrass productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Planting, FCL, and December N applications enhanced ryegrass production but had little effect on arrowleaf clover production by mid March”
t0“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Early nitrogen had little effect on clover production by mid March.
- Taxon
- arrowleaf clovere0
- Treatment
- Planting, FCL, and December N applicationse0
- Outcome
- arrowleaf clover productione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Planting, FCL, and December N applications enhanced ryegrass production but had little effect on arrowleaf clover production by mid March”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover percentage and yield decreased as total nitrogen increased.
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The general trend was for clover percentage and yield to decrease and ryegrass yield to increase as the total amount of N fertilizer applied increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass yield increased with total nitrogen.
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ryegrass yield to increase as the total amount of N fertilizer applied increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The no nitrogen treatment had the greatest clover percentage.
- Treatment
- no‐N treatmente0
- Outcome
- percentage clovere0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- single N application treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The no‐N treatment always had the greatest percentage clover usually followed by single N application treatments with clover percentages greater than 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Single nitrogen applications usually retained clover above 50%.
- Treatment
- single N application treatmentse0
- Outcome
- clover percentagese0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single N application treatments with clover percentages greater than 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass alone yielded 1139 kg ha −1 without nitrogen.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average annual yield of ryegrass alone without N was 1139 kg ha −1 compared to 4038 kg ha −1 with 201 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass alone yielded 4038 kg ha −1 with 201 kg N ha −1.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average annual yield of ryegrass alone without N was 1139 kg ha −1 compared to 4038 kg ha −1 with 201 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Three 67 kg N applications were consistently among the most productive treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 67 kg N ha −1 at FCL and in December and March was always one of the most productive N treatments”
t0“Arrowleaf Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Two 67 kg N applications best balanced clover percentage and mixed forage yield.
- Treatment
- 67 kg N ha −1 only twice at FCL and in Decembere0
- Outcome
- best compromise for maintaining a high clover percentage and clover–ryegrass yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 67 kg N ha −1 only twice at FCL and in December was the best compromise for maintaining a high clover percentage and clover–ryegrass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The two application mixture equalled ryegrass alone given three applications in yield.
- Taxon
- Arrowleaf Clovert0
- Outcome
- equal to ryegrass alonee0
- Direction
- equal toe0
- Comparator
- ryegrass alone with three applications of 67 kg N ha −1e0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“was always equal to ryegrass alone with three applications of 67 kg N ha −1”
t0“Arrowleaf Clover”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · LoliumPositive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.