Abstract
One of the most commonly adopted strategies for addressing environmental degradation in rural areas of the tropics is agroforestry. In and degraded land, plantation of fast growing multipurpose tree species play major role not only in rehabilitation of degraded lands but also increase the net productivity of these lands with proper crop tree combination. Keeping this in view, performance of two rhizomatous crops i.e., turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingibar officinale) was evaluated under rainfed conditions as sole crops and with 15-year old well established stands of forest tree species located at the research farm of ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Research Centre, Basar, Arunachal Pradesh. The average illumination below the canopies varied from 72.0 to 79.2% of incident radiation on turmeric and 71.7 to 78.8% of incident radiation on ginger. Turmeric and ginger were cultivated in the inter row spaces of 24 and 12 Multipurpose trees (MPTs), respectively. Turmeric and ginger did not perform well under as many as 18 and 5 MPTs, respectively. Turmeric, in association with nitrogen fixing tree species Alnus nepalensis and Parkia roxburghii did not significantly reduce its productivity. Leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was significantly higher under A. nepalensis than the sole turmeric crop. However, MPTs had significantly negative effect on the growth and yield attributes of ginger crop. The reduction in yield of ginger ranged from 11.3 to 31.3%. It may be inferred that turmeric cultivation was more profitable than the ginger and both the crops showed highest benefit: cost ratio i.e., 3.10 and 2.36, respectively under A. nepalensis based agroforestry systems in comparison to the other MPT based agroforestry systems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric performed poorly under 18 tree species.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric and ginger did not perform well under as many as 18 and 5 MPTs, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ginger performed poorly under five tree species.
- Taxon
- ginger
Zingiber officinalee0 - Treatment
- MPTse0
- Outcome
- performe0
- Direction
- did not perform welle0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric and ginger did not perform well under as many as 18 and 5 MPTs, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric productivity under Alnus nepalensis was not significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- Turmeric
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=60)
Curcuma longae0 - Treatment
- Alnus nepalensise0
- Interactor
- Alnus nepalensis
Alnus nepalensise0other - Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric, in association with nitrogen fixing tree species Alnus nepalensis and Parkia roxburghii did not significantly reduce its productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric productivity under Parkia roxburghii was not significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longae0
- Treatment
- Parkia roxburghiie0
- Interactor
- Parkia roxburghii
Parkia roxburghiie0other - Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric, in association with nitrogen fixing tree species Alnus nepalensis and Parkia roxburghii did not significantly reduce its productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric leaf area and LAI were higher under A. nepalensis than sole crop.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longae0
- Treatment
- A. nepalensise0
- Interactor
- A. nepalensisAlnus nepalensise0other
- Outcome
- Leaf area and leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole turmeric crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was significantly higher under A. nepalensis than the sole turmeric crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees negatively affected ginger growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Treatment
- MPTse0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, MPTs had significantly negative effect on the growth and yield attributes of ginger crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ginger yield was reduced by 11.3–31.3%.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 11.3 to 31.3%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in yield of ginger ranged from 11.3 to 31.3%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric cultivation was more profitable than ginger.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longae0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- gingere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It may be inferred that turmeric cultivation was more profitable than the ginger”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric had its highest benefit-cost ratio under A. nepalensis at 3.10.
- Taxon
- turmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- A. nepalensis based agroforestry systemse0
- Interactor
- A. nepalensisAlnus nepalensise0other
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.10e0
- Comparator
- other MPT based agroforestry systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the crops showed highest benefit: cost ratio i.e., 3.10 and 2.36, respectively under A. nepalensis based agroforestry systems in comparison to the other MPT based agroforestry systems.”
t0“turmeric”
Claim · model-written summary
Ginger had its highest benefit-cost ratio under A. nepalensis at 2.36.
- Taxon
- gingerZingiber officinalet0
- Treatment
- A. nepalensis based agroforestry systemse0
- Interactor
- A. nepalensisAlnus nepalensise0other
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.36e0
- Comparator
- other MPT based agroforestry systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the crops showed highest benefit: cost ratio i.e., 3.10 and 2.36, respectively under A. nepalensis based agroforestry systems in comparison to the other MPT based agroforestry systems.”
t0“ginger”