Abstract
Russian thistle plant movement and seed dispersal were studied in 1991 and 1992 by placing Russian thistle plants in the center of wheat fields in eastern Washington. Three adjacent site treatments, with 24 plants on each site, were used each year; wheat stubble, summerfallow planted to winter wheat, and a “stationary” site. Plants in the “stationary” site were anchored to the ground to prevent tumbling. Plants in the stubble and summerfallow sites were allowed to tumble naturally. Individual plant movement was monitored and recorded weekly by satellite global positioning systems technology. Average estimated seed number per plant at the beginning of the experiment was 57,400 in 1991 and 66,000 in 1992. The direction plants moved correlated highly with wind direction. Some plants moved a maximum distance of 4069 m in 6 wks, while other plants moved only 60 m because of variable winds and being compressed by snow or frozen into wheat stubble. Average percentage seed loss in 1991 and 1992 for stationary plants was 15 and 26%, and for tumbling plants was 48 and 66%, respectively.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated seeds per plant averaged 57,400 in 1991.
- Taxon
- Russian thistle
Salsola tragust0 - Outcome
- seed number per plante0
- Value
- 57,400e0
- Qualifier
- 1991e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average estimated seed number per plant at the beginning of the experiment was 57,400 in 1991 and 66,000 in 1992”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated seeds per plant averaged 66,000 in 1992.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Outcome
- seed number per plante0
- Value
- 66,000e0
- Qualifier
- 1992e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average estimated seed number per plant at the beginning of the experiment was 57,400 in 1991 and 66,000 in 1992”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Russian thistle movement direction correlated highly with wind direction.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Outcome
- direction plants movede0
- Setting
- wind directione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The direction plants moved correlated highly with wind direction”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Russian thistle plants traveled up to 4069 m in six weeks.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Outcome
- maximum distancee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4069 me0
- Qualifier
- 6 wkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some plants moved a maximum distance of 4069 m in 6 wks”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other Russian thistle plants traveled only 60 m because of variable winds and snow or freezing.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Outcome
- plants movede0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 60 me0
- Qualifier
- variable winds and being compressed by snow or frozen into wheat stubblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other plants moved only 60 m because of variable winds and being compressed by snow or frozen into wheat stubble”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stationary plants lost 15% of seeds in 1991 and 26% in 1992.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Material
- stationary plantse0
- Outcome
- seed losse0
- Value
- 15 and 26%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average percentage seed loss in 1991 and 1992 for stationary plants was 15 and 26%”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tumbling plants lost 48% of seeds in 1991 and 66% in 1992.
- Taxon
- Russian thistleSalsola tragust0
- Material
- tumbling plantse0
- Outcome
- seed losst1
- Value
- 48 and 66%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for tumbling plants was 48 and 66%”
t0“Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)”
t1“seed loss”