Abstract
A B S T R A C T Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined. The initial region of the shoot apex consisted of a corpus and a 2-layered tunica. Cells of the inner tunica layer were responsible for the initiation and development of leaves and stipules which were not significantly affected by foliar applications of a 50 mg/liter aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA). Initiation of leaves and stipules was simultaneous, but the early growth of the latter was more rapid. At the sixth or seventh node, the growth of the leaf primordia surpassed that of the stipules. There was meristematic activity in the stipular primordia to about the fifth node after which growth continued by cell enlargement. Stipels were initiated in the subepidermal layer of cells of the fourth leaf primordium, and development was completed at the eighth or ninth node. Gibberellic acid did not affect the size or shape of the stipels. Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leaflets was apparent in GA-treated plants. Terminal leaflets of treated plants had a slightly thinner lamina, smaller cells in the palisade layer and a greater amount of intercellular space. Increased cell elongation caused an early elongation of the internodes of the treated plants. Reduction of cell diameter resulted in a reduction in diameter of stems in GA-treated plants. In response to GA, more lignified xylem parenchyma was produced, and partial collapse of relatively thin-walled vessel elements and tracheids occurred. The extension of axillary shoots of GA-treated plants was delayed temporarily, but once their extension began, they quickly surpassed the growth of the axillary shoots of untreated plants. Cell elongation was a major factor in the rapid extension of axillary shoots of treated plants. Anthesis was delayed and the number of pods per plant reduced in treated plants grown in long days. Only axillary flowers developed on treated and untreated plants grown in long days; however, the shoot apex of treated and untreated plants became floral in short days. The transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase was delayed in treated plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar gibberellic acid did not significantly affect initiation and development of soybean leaves and stipules.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Hawkeyee0
- Treatment
- foliar applications of a 50 mg/liter aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA)e1
- Outcome
- initiation and development of leaves and stipulese1
- Direction
- not significantly affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e1“Cells of the inner tunica layer were responsible for the initiation and development of leaves and stipules which were not significantly affected by foliar applications of a 50 mg/liter aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid treatment produced chlorosis of leaves and reduced leaflet size in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GA-treated plantse2
- Outcome
- Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leafletse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e2“Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leaflets was apparent in GA-treated plants. Terminal leaflets of treated plants had a slightly thinner lamina, smaller cells in the palisade layer and a greater amount of intercellular space”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminal leaflets of gibberellic acid-treated soybean had a slightly thinner lamina.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- Terminal leafletse2
- Treatment
- treated plantse2
- Outcome
- laminae2
- Direction
- slightly thinnere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e2“Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leaflets was apparent in GA-treated plants. Terminal leaflets of treated plants had a slightly thinner lamina, smaller cells in the palisade layer and a greater amount of intercellular space”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid-treated soybean leaflets had smaller cells in the palisade layer.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- palisade layere2
- Treatment
- treated plantse2
- Outcome
- cells in the palisade layere2
- Direction
- smallere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e2“Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leaflets was apparent in GA-treated plants. Terminal leaflets of treated plants had a slightly thinner lamina, smaller cells in the palisade layer and a greater amount of intercellular space”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid-treated soybean leaflets had a greater amount of intercellular space.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated plantse2
- Outcome
- intercellular spacee2
- Direction
- a greater amounte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e2“Chlorosis of leaves and a reduction in size of the leaflets was apparent in GA-treated plants. Terminal leaflets of treated plants had a slightly thinner lamina, smaller cells in the palisade layer and a greater amount of intercellular space”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid caused an early elongation of soybean internodes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated plantse3
- Outcome
- internodese3
- Direction
- early elongatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e3“Increased cell elongation caused an early elongation of the internodes of the treated plants. Reduction of cell diameter resulted in a reduction in diameter of stems in GA-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased cell elongation explains the early elongation of soybean internodes in gibberellic acid-treated plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- early elongation of the internodese3
- Qualifier
- Increased cell elongatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e3“Increased cell elongation caused an early elongation of the internodes of the treated plants. Reduction of cell diameter resulted in a reduction in diameter of stems in GA-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction of stem diameter in gibberellic acid-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GA-treated plantse3
- Outcome
- diameter of stemse3
- Direction
- reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e3“Increased cell elongation caused an early elongation of the internodes of the treated plants. Reduction of cell diameter resulted in a reduction in diameter of stems in GA-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid produced more lignified xylem parenchyma in soybean stems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GAe4
- Outcome
- lignified xylem parenchymae4
- Direction
- moree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e4“In response to GA, more lignified xylem parenchyma was produced, and partial collapse of relatively thin-walled vessel elements and tracheids occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid caused partial collapse of relatively thin-walled vessel elements and tracheids in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GAe4
- Outcome
- partial collapse of relatively thin-walled vessel elements and tracheidse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e4“In response to GA, more lignified xylem parenchyma was produced, and partial collapse of relatively thin-walled vessel elements and tracheids occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
The extension of axillary shoots of gibberellic acid-treated soybean was delayed temporarily.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GA-treated plantse5
- Outcome
- extension of axillary shootse5
- Direction
- delayed temporarilye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e5“The extension of axillary shoots of GA-treated plants was delayed temporarily, but once their extension began, they quickly surpassed the growth of the axillary shoots of untreated plants. Cell elongation was a major factor in the rapid extension of axillary shoots of treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After a temporary delay, the axillary shoots of gibberellic acid-treated soybean quickly surpassed the growth of untreated shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- GA-treated plantse5
- Outcome
- growth of the axillary shootse5
- Direction
- quickly surpassede5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e5“The extension of axillary shoots of GA-treated plants was delayed temporarily, but once their extension began, they quickly surpassed the growth of the axillary shoots of untreated plants. Cell elongation was a major factor in the rapid extension of axillary shoots of treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell elongation explains the rapid extension of axillary shoots of gibberellic acid-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- rapid extension of axillary shootse5
- Qualifier
- Cell elongatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e5“The extension of axillary shoots of GA-treated plants was delayed temporarily, but once their extension began, they quickly surpassed the growth of the axillary shoots of untreated plants. Cell elongation was a major factor in the rapid extension of axillary shoots of treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis was delayed in gibberellic acid-treated soybean grown in long days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated plantse6
- Outcome
- Anthesise6
- Direction
- delayede6
- Setting
- long dayse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e6“Anthesis was delayed and the number of pods per plant reduced in treated plants grown in long days”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of pods per plant was reduced in gibberellic acid-treated soybean grown in long days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated plantse6
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Setting
- long dayse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e6“Anthesis was delayed and the number of pods per plant reduced in treated plants grown in long days”
Claim · model-written summary
The transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase was delayed in gibberellic acid-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated plantse7
- Outcome
- transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phasee7
- Direction
- delayede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apical organization and the ontogeny of leaves of the 'Hawkeye' variety of soybean plants were examined”
e7“The transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase was delayed in treated plants”
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