Abstract
Poor stand establishment resulting in lower yield is a major constraint to expanding winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) across western Canada. To address this issue, we conducted a study totaling 26 site‐years over three growing seasons (2011–2013) to observe crop responses to system manipulations involving seeding rate (200 and 400 seeds m −2 ), seed size as a proxy for plant vigor (light/thin, moderate, heavy/plump), and a dual fungicide/insecticide seed treatment, on crop establishment, yield, and seed quality. Fall and spring plant density was about 10 plants m −2 greater for heavy seed vs. light seed. Seed treatment improved fall and spring plant density slightly more than 10 plants m −2 . The dual seed treatment improved yield and test weight for thin seed size. Hypothesized weakest agronomic systems (low seeding rate and untreated, light seed) that often included the 200 seeds m −2 seeding rate were the poorest performing (suboptimal responses and highly variable) systems; however, a favorable response to seed treatments allowed for partial compensation and grain yield comparable to systems with high seeding rates. Greater instability was generally observed in weak systems irrespective of seed treatment. The economic advantage of the seed treatment was more apparent with thinner winter wheat stands as it resulted in greater gross (CAN+$31 ha −1 ) and net (+$22 ha −1 ) returns. This study reaffirms the importance of a strong and integrated agronomic system and indicates seed treatments can help offset weak systems comprised of poor stand establishment and lower yield performance. Core Ideas Poor stand establishment resulting in lower yield is a major constraint to expanding winter wheat acreage across western Canada. Hypothesized weakest agronomic systems (low seeding rate and untreated, light seed) that often included the 200 seeds m −2 seeding rate were the poorest performing (sub‐optimal responses and highly variable) systems; however, a favorable response to seed treatments allowed for partial compensation and grain yield comparable to systems with high seeding rates. Winter wheat crop establishment and grain yield results indicated that producers that intentionally use low seeding rate should use a dual fungicide/insecticidal seed treatment; however, the inherent variability is not entirely overcome with seed treatment. Inclusion of a dual fungicide/insecticide seed treatment provided the highest gross returns for both levels of sowing density; however, the added input cost of the seed treatment relative to the magnitude of change for grain yield reduced overall net returns at the 400 seeds m −2 seeding rate compared to the check (–$11 ha −1 ). This study reaffirms the importance of a strong and integrated agronomic system and indicates seed treatments can help offset weak systems that tend to have poor stand establishment and lower yield performance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy seed gave about 10 plants m −2 greater fall and spring plant density than light seed.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heavy seede1
- Outcome
- Fall and spring plant densitye1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 10 plants m −2e1
- Comparator
- light seede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Fall and spring plant density was about 10 plants m −2 greater for heavy seed vs. light seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment improved fall and spring plant density by slightly more than 10 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- fall and spring plant densitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- slightly more than 10 plants m −2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Seed treatment improved fall and spring plant density slightly more than 10 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
The dual seed treatment improved yield and test weight for thin seed size.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dual seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- yield and test weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- for thin seed sizee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“The dual seed treatment improved yield and test weight for thin seed size”
Claim · model-written summary
Weakest hypothesized systems (low seeding rate, untreated light seed) were the poorest performing systems.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low seeding rate and untreated, light seede1
- Outcome
- performinge1
- Direction
- pooreste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Hypothesized weakest agronomic systems (low seeding rate and untreated, light seed) that often included the 200 seeds m −2 seeding rate were the poorest performing (suboptimal responses and highly variable) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater instability was observed in weak systems irrespective of seed treatment.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weak systemse1
- Outcome
- instabilitye1
- Direction
- Greatere1
- Qualifier
- irrespective of seed treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Greater instability was generally observed in weak systems irrespective of seed treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment gave greater gross returns (CAN+$31 ha −1) with thinner winter wheat stands.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- grosse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- CAN+$31 ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- with thinner winter wheat standse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“The economic advantage of the seed treatment was more apparent with thinner winter wheat stands as it resulted in greater gross (CAN+$31 ha −1 ) and net (+$22 ha −1 ) returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment gave greater net returns (+$22 ha −1) with thinner winter wheat stands.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- nete1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- +$22 ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- with thinner winter wheat standse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“The economic advantage of the seed treatment was more apparent with thinner winter wheat stands as it resulted in greater gross (CAN+$31 ha −1 ) and net (+$22 ha −1 ) returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Producers using low seeding rate should use a dual fungicide/insecticidal seed treatment.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- should use a dual fungicide/insecticidal seed treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Winter wheat crop establishment and grain yield results indicated that producers that intentionally use low seeding rate should use a dual fungicide/insecticidal seed treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inclusion of a dual fungicide/insecticide seed treatment gave the highest gross returns at both sowing densities.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of a dual fungicide/insecticide seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- gross returnse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- for both levels of sowing densitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Inclusion of a dual fungicide/insecticide seed treatment provided the highest gross returns for both levels of sowing density”
Claim · model-written summary
The added input cost of the seed treatment reduced net returns at the 400 seeds m −2 seeding rate compared with the check, by –$11 ha −1.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- added input cost of the seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- –$11 ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- at the 400 seeds m −2 seeding ratee1
- Comparator
- the checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“the added input cost of the seed treatment relative to the magnitude of change for grain yield reduced overall net returns at the 400 seeds m −2 seeding rate compared to the check (–$11 ha −1 )”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.