Abstract
Metolachlor, a chloracetanilide herbicide used for weed control in a variety of crops including maize, cotton and soybean. Metolachlor is commonly found in surface and groundwater when this product is used. Considering the importance, this study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of metolachlor in soil of tropical environment under soybean and maize and its terminal residues in crop produce. In the present field study, two rates of metolachlor application was studied and found that the metolachlor residues were persisting in soil up to harvest irrespective of dose and crops. No residues were detected in the grain and stalk/straw of the maize and soybean at the time of harvest. Field dissipation followed first-order kinetics and the dissipation was faster in soil under soybean than maize with the half life of 16 and 18 days respectively. In laboratory leaching experiment, 43–45% of the applied metolachlor was recovered from the upper surface of 0–5 cm depth and found that its mobility in the sandy clay loam soil was moderate. Metolachlor sorption fits the freundlich isotherm well with the Kf value of 1.54 and its sorption depends on soil organic carbon with the Kk value of 398 mL/g. The desorption of metolachlor is close to sorption, and has the hysteresis coefficient of 0.905 in the sandy clay loam soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
No metolachlor residues were detected in the grain and stalk/straw of maize and soybean at harvest.
- Taxon
- maize and soybean
Glycine max
Zea mayse0 - Organ / stage
- grain and stalk/strawe0
- Outcome
- No residues were detected in the grain and stalk/strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No residues were detected in the grain and stalk/straw of the maize and soybean at the time of harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor residues persisted in soil up to harvest irrespective of dose and crop.
- Outcome
- metolachlor residues were persisting in soil up to harveste0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the metolachlor residues were persisting in soil up to harvest irrespective of dose and crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor dissipation in the field followed first-order kinetics and was faster in soil under soybean than under maize, with half lives of 16 and 18 days respectively.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- dissipatione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Value
- 16 and 18 dayse0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dissipation was faster in soil under soybean than maize with the half life of 16 and 18 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In a laboratory leaching experiment 43-45% of the applied metolachlor was recovered from the upper 0-5 cm, indicating moderate mobility in the sandy clay loam soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“43–45% of the applied metolachlor was recovered from the upper surface of 0–5 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor sorption fitted the Freundlich isotherm well, with a Kf value of 1.54.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor sorption fits the freundlich isotherm well with the Kf value of 1.54”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor sorption depended on soil organic carbon, with a Kk value of 398 mL/g.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“its sorption depends on soil organic carbon with the Kk value of 398 mL/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor desorption was close to sorption, with a hysteresis coefficient of 0.905 in the sandy clay loam soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The desorption of metolachlor is close to sorption, and has the hysteresis coefficient of 0.905 in the sandy clay loam soil”