Abstract
Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae form a monophyletic lineage that include the hemiparasitic genera Euphrasia, Melampyrum, Tozzia, Bartsia, Nothobartsia, Odontites (s.l.), Rhinanthus, Rhynchocorys, Parentucellia, Hedbergia and holopar asitic Lathraea. In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny, evolution of life-history traits (life cycle and seed size) and explain the extant biogeographical patterns in this group. For phylogenetic reconstruction, we used molecular data obtained by sequencing the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast trnT-trnL intergenic spacer and matK+trnK regions. The genus Melampyrum was found to occupy the sister position to the rest of the group. The other genera were assembled in the sister Rhinanthus-Rhynchocorys-Lathraea and Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontites subclades. The reconstruction of life-cycle evolution yielded ambiguous results suggesting nonetheless a substantially higher likelihood of perenniality compared to annuality in most ancestor lineages. Seed size varied across two orders of magnitude (average weight per seed: 0.02-7.22 mg) and tended to decrease in the Bartsia Euphrasia-Odontites subclade compared to the rest of the group. Seed-size evolution was correlated with life-history evolution in the group if the generally small-seeded Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontites subclade is excluded. We formulated hypotheses relating the extant biogeographical affinities of individual genera to the geological history of the Euro-Caucasian diversity center of the group. Notable dispersal events in Euphrasia and Bartsia were hypothesized to be allowed or at least facilitated by a specific combination of the life-history traits.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae form a monophyletic lineage.
Verbatim
e0“Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae form a monophyletic lineage”
Claim · model-written summary
Melampyrum was sister to the remainder of the group.
- Taxon
- Melampyrum
Melampyrume0 - Outcome
- sister position to the rest of the groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genus Melampyrum was found to occupy the sister position to the rest of the group.”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining genera formed two sister subclades.
Verbatim
e0“The other genera were assembled in the sister Rhinanthus-Rhynchocorys-Lathraea and Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontites subclades.”
Claim · model-written summary
Perenniality was likelier than annuality in most ancestral lineages, although reconstruction was ambiguous.
Verbatim
e0“The reconstruction of life-cycle evolution yielded ambiguous results suggesting nonetheless a substantially higher likelihood of perenniality compared to annuality in most ancestor lineages.”
e1“Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae form a monophyletic lineage”
t0“Phylogeny”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight varied from 0.02 to 7.22 mg.
Verbatim
e0“Seed size varied across two orders of magnitude (average weight per seed: 0.02-7.22 mg)”
e1“Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae form a monophyletic lineage”
t0“Phylogeny”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size tended to decrease in the Bartsia Euphrasia-Odontites subclade.
Verbatim
e0“Seed size varied across two orders of magnitude (average weight per seed: 0.02-7.22 mg) and tended to decrease in the Bartsia Euphrasia-Odontites subclade compared to the rest of the group.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-size evolution correlated with life-history evolution when the Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontites subclade was excluded.
- Taxon
- Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontitese0
- Organ / stage
- life-history evolutione0
- Outcome
- Seed-size evolutione0
- Qualifier
- is excludede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Seed-size evolution was correlated with life-history evolution in the group if the generally small-seeded Bartsia-Euphrasia-Odontites subclade is excluded.”
Claim · model-written summary
A combination of life-history traits was hypothesized to facilitate dispersal in Euphrasia.
EuphrasiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notable dispersal events in Euphrasia and Bartsia were hypothesized to be allowed or at least facilitated by a specific combination of the life-history traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
A combination of life-history traits was hypothesized to facilitate dispersal in Bartsia.
BartsiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notable dispersal events in Euphrasia and Bartsia were hypothesized to be allowed or at least facilitated by a specific combination of the life-history traits.”