Abstract
Soil application of biogas residues (BGRs) is important for closing nutrient cycles. This study examined the efficiency and impact on yields and yield formation of solid-liquid separated residues from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastes (bio-waste) in comparison to complete BGRs, nitrification inhibitor, agricultural BGRs, mineral fertilizer and unfertilized plots as control. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design on silt loam Cambisol. Biogas residues from four biogas plants were evaluated. Plants per m², ears per plant, grains per ear and thousand grain weight (TGW) were measured at harvest. Fertilization with BGRs resulted in similar biomass yields compared with mineral fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer (71 dt/ha) and plots fertilized with liquid fraction (59-62 dt/ha) indicated a trend to higher yields than solid fraction or complete BGR due to its high ammonia content. Liquid fractions and fraction with nitrification inhibitor induced fewer plants per m² than corresponding solid and complete variants due to a potential phytotoxicity of high NH4-N concentration during germination. However, barley on plots fertilized with liquid fraction compensated the disadvantages at the beginning during the vegetation period and induced higher grain yields than solid fraction. This was attributable to a higher number of ears per plant and grains per ear. In conclusion, BGRs from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastes can be used for soil fertilization and replace considerable amounts of mineral fertilizer. Our study showed that direct application of the liquid fraction of BGR is the most suitable strategy to achieve highest grain yields. Nevertheless potential phytotoxicity of the high NH4-N concentration in the liquid fraction should be considered.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with biogas residues gave biomass yields similar to mineral fertilizer in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring Barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Fertilization with BGRse1
- Outcome
- biomass yieldse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e1“Fertilization with BGRs resulted in similar biomass yields compared with mineral fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer tended to give higher yields than solid fraction or complete biogas residue in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Mineral fertilizere2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- trend to highere2
- Value
- 71 dt/hae2
- Comparator
- solid fraction or complete BGRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e2“Mineral fertilizer (71 dt/ha) and plots fertilized with liquid fraction (59-62 dt/ha) indicated a trend to higher yields than solid fraction or complete BGR due to its high ammonia content”
Claim · model-written summary
Plots fertilized with liquid fraction tended to give higher yields than solid fraction or complete biogas residue in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- plots fertilized with liquid fractione2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- trend to highere2
- Value
- 59-62 dt/hae2
- Comparator
- solid fraction or complete BGRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e2“Mineral fertilizer (71 dt/ha) and plots fertilized with liquid fraction (59-62 dt/ha) indicated a trend to higher yields than solid fraction or complete BGR due to its high ammonia content”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fractions of biogas residue induced fewer plants per m² than the corresponding solid and complete variants in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Liquid fractionse3
- Outcome
- plants per m²e3
- Direction
- fewere3
- Qualifier
- due to a potential phytotoxicity of high NH4-N concentration during germinatione3
- Comparator
- corresponding solid and complete variantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e3“Liquid fractions and fraction with nitrification inhibitor induced fewer plants per m² than corresponding solid and complete variants due to a potential phytotoxicity of high NH4-N concentration during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The fraction with nitrification inhibitor induced fewer plants per m² than the corresponding solid and complete variants in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- fraction with nitrification inhibitore3
- Outcome
- plants per m²e3
- Direction
- fewere3
- Qualifier
- due to a potential phytotoxicity of high NH4-N concentration during germinatione3
- Comparator
- corresponding solid and complete variantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e3“Liquid fractions and fraction with nitrification inhibitor induced fewer plants per m² than corresponding solid and complete variants due to a potential phytotoxicity of high NH4-N concentration during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring barley on plots fertilized with liquid fraction gave higher grain yields than on solid fraction.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- plots fertilized with liquid fractione4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- solid fractione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“barley on plots fertilized with liquid fraction compensated the disadvantages at the beginning during the vegetation period and induced higher grain yields than solid fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yields on liquid fraction plots are attributable to a higher number of ears per plant and grains per ear.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Qualifier
- attributable to a higher number of ears per plant and grains per eare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“barley on plots fertilized with liquid fraction compensated the disadvantages at the beginning during the vegetation period and induced higher grain yields than solid fraction”
e5“This was attributable to a higher number of ears per plant and grains per ear”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of the liquid fraction of biogas residue is the most suitable strategy to achieve the highest grain yields in spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- direct application of the liquid fraction of BGRe6
- Outcome
- highest grain yieldse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e6“Our study showed that direct application of the liquid fraction of BGR is the most suitable strategy to achieve highest grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogas residues from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastes can be used for soil fertilization and replace considerable amounts of mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- BGRs from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastese7
- Outcome
- replace considerable amounts of mineral fertilizere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e7“BGRs from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastes can be used for soil fertilization and replace considerable amounts of mineral fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The potential phytotoxicity of the high NH4-N concentration in the liquid fraction should be considered.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- potential phytotoxicity of the high NH4-N concentration in the liquid fractione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley Yield Formation”
e0“Nevertheless potential phytotoxicity of the high NH4-N concentration in the liquid fraction should be considered”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
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