Abstract
Four herbaceous plants,gramineae weeds (Digitaria ciliaris,Echinochloa crusgali) and composite weeds (Eclipta prostrata,Crassocephalum crepidioides) distributed in the red soils of the South China,were used to examine activity of root border cells,root relative elongation,levels of aluminum,proline,malondialdehyde (MDA),and membrane permeability (MP) in the Al-treated roots. It was found that activity of root border cells was significantly decreased with increasing Al3+ concentrations or treatment time in these four weeds. The decreasing magnitude was higher in composite weeds than in gramineae weeds,while the contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability were increased in the roots. Further analysis showed that root growth was more markedly inhibited by Al in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides than in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali under the same conditions. The contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability in these four weeds roots reached a maximum at 1000 mg·L-1 Al3+ concentrations,while the increase in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali were less than in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides. No significant increase was observed on contents of proline and MDA in gramineae weeds roots among the different exterior Al3+ levels (P0.05). These findings suggested that the damage levels of aluminum to these four weeds were enhanced with increasing Al concentrations and exposure time; However,the relatively higher activity of the root border cells,longer root relative elongation,lower levels of aluminum,proline,MDA and MP improved the tolerance to Al stress in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali. Gramineae weeds(Digitaria ciliaris,Echinochloa crusgali) were more resistant to Al toxicity than composite weeds(Eclipta prostrata,Crassocephalum crepidioides).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Root border cell activity of the four weeds decreased significantly with increasing Al3+ concentrations or treatment time.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that activity of root border cells was significantly decreased with increasing Al3+ concentrations or treatment time in these four weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in root border cell activity was higher in composite weeds than in gramineae weeds.
Verbatim
e1“The decreasing magnitude was higher in composite weeds than in gramineae weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum, proline and MDA contents increased in the roots of the four weeds under Al exposure.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that activity of root border cells was significantly decreased with increasing Al3+ concentrations or treatment time in these four weeds”
e2“while the contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability were increased in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane permeability increased in the roots of the four weeds under Al exposure.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that activity of root border cells was significantly decreased with increasing Al3+ concentrations or treatment time in these four weeds”
e2“while the contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability were increased in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth was more markedly inhibited by Al in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides than in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali.
- Taxon
- Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides
Eclipta prostrata
Crassocephalum crepidioidese3 - Treatment
- Ale3
- Outcome
- root growthe3
- Direction
- more markedly inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- under the same conditionse3
- Comparator
- Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgalie3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“root growth was more markedly inhibited by Al in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides than in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali under the same conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum, proline and MDA contents in the four weeds roots reached a maximum at 1000 mg·L-1 Al3+ concentrations.
Verbatim
e4“The contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability in these four weeds roots reached a maximum at 1000 mg·L-1 Al3+ concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane permeability in the four weeds roots reached a maximum at 1000 mg·L-1 Al3+ concentrations.
Verbatim
e4“The contents of aluminum,proline and MDA,and membrane permeability in these four weeds roots reached a maximum at 1000 mg·L-1 Al3+ concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in aluminum, proline, MDA and membrane permeability was smaller in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali than in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides.
Verbatim
e5“while the increase in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali were less than in Eclipta prostrata and Crassocephalum crepidioides”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant increase in proline and MDA contents was observed in gramineae weeds roots among the different Al3+ levels.
Verbatim
e6“No significant increase was observed on contents of proline and MDA in gramineae weeds roots among the different exterior Al3+ levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The damage levels of aluminum to the four weeds were enhanced with increasing Al concentrations and exposure time.
Verbatim
e7“the damage levels of aluminum to these four weeds were enhanced with increasing Al concentrations and exposure time”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher root border cell activity, longer root relative elongation and lower Al, proline, MDA and membrane permeability improved the tolerance to Al stress in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali.
Verbatim
e1“the relatively higher activity of the root border cells,longer root relative elongation,lower levels of aluminum,proline,MDA and MP improved the tolerance to Al stress in Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgali”
Claim · model-written summary
Gramineae weeds were more resistant to Al toxicity than composite weeds.
Verbatim
e1“Gramineae weeds(Digitaria ciliaris,Echinochloa crusgali) were more resistant to Al toxicity than composite weeds(Eclipta prostrata,Crassocephalum crepidioides)”