Abstract
【Objective】 This study aims at comprehensively evaluate different winter green manures on rice growth dynamics and paddy field weed community in southern rice region for further optimization of rice cropping patterns,and development of winter crop planting and development.【Method】 From winter in 2011 in double cropping area in southern Jiangxi Agricultural University Science Park,winter green manure species including legumes,grasses,and cruciferous were selected to make comparison of milk vetch,rapeseed,ryegrass and mixed of green manure(vetch × rapeseed × fertile turnip) on rice yield and its components,dry matter production characteristics and weed communities.【Result】 The results showed that the dry matter weight of population of rice in the treatment of MV-R-R(milk vetch-rice-rice) are all higher than others at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and maturity.The rate of increase was 14.46%,10.99%,11.83% and 7.23%,respectively.Compared with RG-R-R(ryegrass-rice-rice),RP-R-R(rapeseed-rice-rice),MS-R-R(mixed green manure-rice-rice),rice yield of MV-R-R was higher,increased by 6.61%,3.29%,and 0.78%,respectively.Among the 4 different winter green manures,rice yield and yield components(effective panicles,grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) in treatment of MV-R-R were higher than other treatments.Dry matter accumulation in treatment of MV-R-R was higher than others in main growth periods of rice except for heading to maturity.Compared with RG-R-R,RP-R-R,MS-R-R(mixed green manure-rice-rice),the increasing rate were 11.38%-17.72%,4.50%-28.00%,and 1.85%-35.25%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation in the periods of sowing to tillering and booting to heading were the biggest,which is the stage of rapid accumulation of substances.In the four treatments,dry matter accumulation at the two growth stages reached 70.43%,60.50%,69.87%,and 69.08% of that at maturity.While the proportion of dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity was the lowest.Analysis of dry weight ratio of stem-sheath,leaf,and panicle to total plant at middle and late stages of rice,the dry matter ratio of stem-sheath was the biggest at booting stage.But they continued to decrease with the growth,reached a minimum at maturity,and in each treatment decreased from 58.30%-64.20% to 27.95%-30.47%.Dry matter ratio of leaf was the biggest at booting stage,reduced from 35.80%-41.70% to 13.07%-14.62%.According to the survey,weeds in paddy field belong to seven families,eleven species.The weed densities of Echinochloa crusgalli,Monochoia vaginalis,Sagittaria pygmaea and Eleocharis yokoscensis were greater than others,accounting for 80.84% of field weeds.The treatment of MV-R-R had a significant effect on paddy weed density and the effect on inhibiting weeds was obvious better than other treatments.The treatment of RG-R-R was the lowest.By analyzing the relative abundance of weed species,the following conclusions could be drawn.The basic weed community compositions of the MV-R-R and RG-R-R were Monochoia vaginalis+ Echinochloa crusgalli+Eleocharis yokoscensis,but that of the RP-R-R and MS-R-R were Monochoia vaginalis+ Echinochloa crusgalli+ Sagittaria pygmaea.The species richness of the RG-R-R were maximum,significantly higher than other treatments.For the Shannon index,the species diversity of the treatment of winter planting-ryegrass was the highest,while the MV-R-R was the lowest.From the point of view of Simpson index,the weed dominance of MV-R-R was the highest,while the RG-R-R was the lowest.From the point of view Pielou evenness index,the weed evenness of the MV-R-R was higher than other treatments,but the difference was not significant.While the weed evenness of the other winter planting-green manure pattern decreased,of which the RG-R-R was the lowest.【Conclusion】In conclusion,the treatment of milk vetch-rice-rice can ensure higher dry matter accumulation and yield potential,which have a significant impact on weed species and density.Also it can help to improve weed uniformity and decrease the harm of dominant species of weeds in paddy field.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased rice dry matter at tillering by 14.46%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- dry matter weighte1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.46%e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice in the treatment of MV-R-R(milk vetch-rice-rice) are all higher than others at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and maturity.The rate of increase was 14.46%,10.99%,11.83% and 7.23%,respectively”
e1“dry matter weight of population of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased rice dry matter at booting by 10.99%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.99%e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter weight of population of rice in the treatment of MV-R-R(milk vetch-rice-rice) are all higher than others at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and maturity.The rate of increase was 14.46%,10.99%,11.83% and 7.23%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased rice dry matter at heading by 11.83%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.83%e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter weight of population of rice in the treatment of MV-R-R(milk vetch-rice-rice) are all higher than others at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and maturity.The rate of increase was 14.46%,10.99%,11.83% and 7.23%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased rice dry matter at maturity by 7.23%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.23%e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter weight of population of rice in the treatment of MV-R-R(milk vetch-rice-rice) are all higher than others at tillering stage,booting stage,heading stage and maturity.The rate of increase was 14.46%,10.99%,11.83% and 7.23%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice yield was 6.61% higher than ryegrass-rice-rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.61%e0
- Comparator
- RG-R-Re1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield of MV-R-R was higher,increased by 6.61%,3.29%,and 0.78%,respectively”
e1“Compared with RG-R-R(ryegrass-rice-rice),RP-R-R(rapeseed-rice-rice),MS-R-R(mixed green manure-rice-rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice yield was 3.29% higher than rapeseed-rice-rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.29%e0
- Comparator
- RP-R-Re1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield of MV-R-R was higher,increased by 6.61%,3.29%,and 0.78%,respectively”
e1“Compared with RG-R-R(ryegrass-rice-rice),RP-R-R(rapeseed-rice-rice),MS-R-R(mixed green manure-rice-rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice yield was 0.78% higher than mixed-green-manure-rice-rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.78%e0
- Comparator
- MS-R-Re1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield of MV-R-R was higher,increased by 6.61%,3.29%,and 0.78%,respectively”
e1“Compared with RG-R-R(ryegrass-rice-rice),RP-R-R(rapeseed-rice-rice),MS-R-R(mixed green manure-rice-rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased effective panicles, grains per panicle and seed setting rate versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- effective panicles,grain number per panicle,seed-setting ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield and yield components(effective panicles,grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) in treatment of MV-R-R were higher than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice increased rice 1000-grain weight versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield and yield components(effective panicles,grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) in treatment of MV-R-R were higher than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice had higher dry matter accumulation through most growth periods except heading to maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re1
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- except for heading to maturitye1
- Comparator
- otherse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice except for heading to maturity”
e1“Dry matter accumulation in treatment of MV-R-R was higher than others in main growth periods of rice except for heading to maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice dry matter accumulated fastest from sowing to tillering and booting to heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- biggeste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“dry matter accumulation in the periods of sowing to tillering and booting to heading were the biggest,which is the stage of rapid accumulation of substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice stem-sheath and leaf dry matter proportions peaked at booting and declined by maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- dry matter ratio of stem-sheathe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“dry matter ratio of stem-sheath was the biggest at booting stage.But they continued to decrease with the growth,reached a minimum at maturity”
e2“Dry matter ratio of leaf was the biggest at booting stage,reduced from 35.80%-41.70% to 13.07%-14.62%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven families and eleven weed species were recorded in paddy fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- weeds in paddy fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“weeds in paddy field belong to seven families,eleven species”
Claim · model-written summary
Four named weed species accounted for 80.84% of field weeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- field weedse1
- Value
- 80.84%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“The weed densities of Echinochloa crusgalli,Monochoia vaginalis,Sagittaria pygmaea and Eleocharis yokoscensis were greater than others,accounting for 80.84% of field weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice inhibited paddy weed density more than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MV-R-Re1
- Outcome
- paddy weed densitye1
- Direction
- inhibitinge1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“The treatment of MV-R-R had a significant effect on paddy weed density and the effect on inhibiting weeds was obvious better than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass-rice-rice had the greatest weed species richness and diversity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- species richnesse1
- Direction
- maximume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“The species richness of the RG-R-R were maximum,significantly higher than other treatments.For the Shannon index,the species diversity of the treatment of winter planting-ryegrass was the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice had the lowest Shannon weed diversity but highest Simpson weed dominance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- weed dominance of MV-R-Re1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“the MV-R-R was the lowest.From the point of view of Simpson index,the weed dominance of MV-R-R was the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice weed evenness was higher than other treatments without significance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- weed evennesse1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“the weed evenness of the MV-R-R was higher than other treatments,but the difference was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk vetch-rice-rice is recommended to improve rice yield potential and reduce weed harm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- milk vetch-rice-rice can ensure higher dry matter accumulation and yield potentiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Yield of Rice and Weed Community”
e1“the treatment of milk vetch-rice-rice can ensure higher dry matter accumulation and yield potential,which have a significant impact on weed species and density.Also it can help to improve weed uniformity and decrease the harm of dominant species of weeds in paddy field”